沥青路面施工中离析现象成因及解决方法探讨

对高速公路路面的质量产生不利影响的原因包括很多的方面,但是沥青路面施工中的离析则是不可忽视的主要性原因。笔者在文中主要是通过对导致离析现象的各种因素的分析提出各种有利于高速公路沥青路面施工的参考性解决方案。     

贵州省水城县顺场中学滑坡治理工程多排抗滑桩运用与受力分析

贵州省水城县顺场中学滑坡于2007年列为中央财政补助的特大型地质灾害治理项目,文章通过对滑坡治理工程中多排抗滑桩运用和受力进行分析、计算,为水城县顺场中学滑坡治理工程提出合理有效的方案奠定基础,同时也为类似工程提供参考。     

多级循环逆流法从柿了树落叶中提取天然熊果酸新工艺

文章介绍了采用多级循环逆流法从柿子树落叶中提取天然熊果酸新工艺的技术原理、主要技术指标及技术创新点,阐述了研制过程中关键技术与工艺及项目鉴定结论。     

A cost–utility analysis of degarelix in the treatment of advanced hormone-dependent prostate cancer in the United Kingdom

Objective:

To determine the cost-effectiveness of the treatment of advanced hormone-dependent prostate cancer with degarelix compared to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists in the UK using the latest available evidence and the model submitted to AWMSG.

Methods:

A cost-effectiveness model was developed from the perspective of the UK National Health Service evaluating monthly injection of degarelix against 3-monthly leuprorelin therapy plus anti-androgen flare cover for the first-line treatment of patients with advanced (locally advanced or metastatic) hormone-dependent prostate cancer. A Markov process model was constructed using the patient population characteristics and efficacy information from the CS21 Phase III clinical trial and associated extension study (CS21A). The intention-to-treat (ITT) population and a high-risk sub-group with a PSA level >20?ng/mL were modeled.

Results:

In the base-case analysis using the patient access scheme (PAS) price, degarelix was dominant compared to leuprorelin with cost savings of £3633 in the ITT population and £4310 in the PSA?>?20?ng/mL sub-group. The chance of being cost-effective was 95% in the ITT population and 96% in the PSA?>?20?ng/mL sub-group at a threshold of £20,000 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). In addition, degarelix remained dominant when PSA progression was assumed equal and only the benefits of preventing testosterone flare were taken into account. Treatment with degarelix also remained dominant in both populations when the list price was used. The additional investment required to treat patients with degarelix could be offset in 19 months for the ITT population and 13 months for the PSA?>?20?ng/mL population. The model was most sensitive to the hazard ratio assumed for PSA progression between degarelix and leuprorelin and the quality-of-life (utility) of patients receiving palliative care.

Conclusion:

Degarelix is likely to be cost-effective compared to leuprorelin plus anti-androgen flare cover in the first-line treatment of advanced hormone-dependent prostate cancer.     

Cost-effectiveness analysis of intra-articular injections of a high molecular weight bioengineered hyaluronic acid for the treatment of osteoarthritis knee pain

Objective:

To determine the cost-effectiveness of bioengineered hyaluronic acid (BioHA, 1% sodium hyaluronate) intra-articular injections in treating osteoarthritis knee pain in poor responders to conventional care (CC) including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and analgesics.

Methods:

Two decision analytic models compared BioHA treatment with either continuation of patient’s baseline CC with no assumption of disease progression (Model 1), or CC including escalating care costs due to disease progression (NSAIDs and analgesics, corticosteroid injections, and surgery; Model 2). Analyses were based on patients who received two courses of 3-weekly intra-articular BioHA (26-week FLEXX Trial?+?26-week Extension Study). BioHA group costs included fees for physician assessment and injection regimen, plus half of CC costs. Cost-effectiveness ratios were expressed as averages and incremental costs per QALY. One-way sensitivity analyses used the 95% confidence interval (CI) of QALYs gained in BioHA-treated patients, and ±20% of BioHA treatment and CC costs. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed for Model 2.

Results:

For 214 BioHA patients, the average utility gain was 0.163 QALYs (95% CI?=??0.162 to 0.488) over 52 weeks. Model 1 treatment costs were $3469 and $4562 for the BioHA and CC groups, respectively; sensitivity analyses showed BioHA to be the dominant treatment strategy, except when at the lower end of the 95% CI. Model 2 annual treatment costs per QALY gained were $1446 and $516 for the BioHA and CC groups, respectively. Using CC as baseline strategy, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of BioHA was $38,741/QALY gained, and was sensitive to response rates in either the BioHA or CC groups.

Conclusion:

BioHA is less costly and more effective than CC with NSAIDs and analgesics, and is the dominant treatment strategy. Compared with escalating CC, the $38,741/QALY ICER of BioHA remains within the $50,000 per QALY willingness-to-pay threshold to adopt a new technology.     

一种新型垃圾处理工艺介绍

本文以日处理能力300t/d为例,介绍了一种新型垃圾综合处理工艺,即垃圾＂干燥＋自动分选＋焚烧发电＂工艺,通过干燥工艺降低原生垃圾的含水率,自动分选工艺分选出有机物作为肥料,分选出塑料可以回收利用,剩余垃圾进入焚烧炉焚烧,利用余热发电,满足全厂和生活用电。与常规垃圾焚烧发电工艺相比,此工艺提高了入炉垃圾热值,回收了生活垃圾中的有用物质,从整体上提高了生活垃圾的利用率,最大限度实现了生活垃圾的减量化、资源化和无害化。     

浅谈TBT与GATT国民待遇原则的选择适用问题

作为WTO协议附件1A的协议,TBT和GATT都规定了成员方的国民待遇义务,两者在适用范围上有一定的交叉,如果申诉方同时提起这两项协议项下有关国民待遇义务的申诉请求,争端解决机构就可能面临累积适用两项规则或者适用其中一项规则的选择。根据广义的冲突定义,这两项规则之间存在潜在的冲突,虽然争端解决机构可以依据司法经济原则避免冲突的产生,但是更好地避免冲突的路径是依据相关的冲突规则选择其中一项规则排除另一项规则的适用。     

特殊销售方式下商品收入的会计与税务处理探析

在市场竞争过程中,企业为了促销商品,销售货物的形式具有多样化的特点。企业需要做好特殊销售的会计处理与税务处理,力求及时准确地确认收入,正确地进行纳税申报。因此对现金折扣、商业折扣、销售折让、以物易物和收取包装物押金等情况下销售收入的会计和税务处理进行了探讨和分析。     

发用类化妆品中巯基乙酸的测定-离子色谱法

建立了抑制型电导离子色谱法测定发用类化妆品中巯基乙酸的方法。样品用水溶解,超声萃取20 min,经Bond Elut C18小柱除去提取液中的表面活性剂,以Dionex IonpacTM AG19(4 mm×50 mm)保护柱和Dionex IonpacTM AS19(4 mm×250 mm)高柱容量分析柱,25 mmol/L氢氧化钾为淋洗液等度洗脱,用电导检测器测定。在0.5~10.0 mg/L的范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9996,检出限(S/N=3)为40μg/g,相对标准偏差为0.8%~4.4%,回收率在95.1%~102.2%之间。与其他方法相比,该方法具有简便、快速、准确、所需试剂少及灵敏度高的优点。     

长江经济带污水处理产业产学研合作创新网络演化研究

基于长江经济带污水处理产业2000—2019年联合申请专利数据,运用社会网络分析方法对产学研合作创新网络演化进行研究。结果发现:产学研合作网络形态呈现从"少节点零星"到"多节点零散子网络"再到"多节点复杂子网络"的演化过程;网络密度下降,平均路径长度阶段性增加,聚集系数先降后升,网络逐渐形成分散的局部集聚;度数中心势和中间中心势维持较低水平,少数核心主体具有明显的资源和控制优势;合作网络逐渐呈现以高校为主导、异质性主体发展不平衡的特点。根据产学研合作创新网络演化规律,提出相关建议。