Labor supply response and preferences specification: Estimates for prime-age males in Japan

In this paper, we estimate labor responses of Japanese prime-age males by taking into consideration the Japanese income tax system and utilizing a large micro-data set. We employ three maximum likelihood methods: (i) a modified version of [Hausman, 1979] and [Hausman, 1981] , which assumes a linear labor supply function; (ii) that given by Zabalza (1983), which assumes CES preferences; and (iii) that given by Van Soest (1995), which employs the translog utility function and assumes discrete labor hour choice. While the estimates based on the Hausman and Zabalza methods fare poorly, those based on the Van Soest method result in more plausible labor responses. However, these responses are larger than those of the North American and European counterparts.     

培育和发展战略性新兴产业应注意的几个问题和主要对策

本文通过对近期陆续出台的部分省市自治区“十二五”战略性新兴产业规划的分析研究后发现,各地战略性新兴产业的选择和对策措施存在很大萌同质化倾向和地方特色缺失的问题,应该引起政府有关部门和产业界的高度重视。本文在对地方发展战略性新兴产业中存在的问题进行分析的基础上提出了4点对策措施。     

The common external tariff of a customs union: Alternative approaches

The most prominent exception to the cardinal ‘most favoured nation’ principle of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) of 1947 is in its Article XXIV relating to Customs Unions (CUs) and Free Trade Areas (FTAs). This article required, first, the general incidence of the duties and regulations of commerce imposed by members of the CU with respect to trade with non-members shall not on the whole be higher or more restrictive than those that were applicable prior to the formation of CU or FTA, and, second, that substantially all the trade among members be free. Neither requirement was very operational, because the phrases ‘general incidence’ and ‘substantially all’ being difficult legal concepts to apply. The agreement of 1994 establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO) has made ‘general incidence’ precise by defining it import-weighted average of height of barriers but without offering any rationale for the definition. Now that preferential trading arrangements such as FTAs are proliferating, reform of Article XXIV is of importance. This paper describes alternative approaches to the central question of common external tariffs of a CU. Taking off from the work of Kemp and Wan who showed the existence of a common external tariff of CU that keeps the welfare of non-members unchanged while revising that of the CU as compared to the situation prior to the formation of CU, it characterizes such a tariff structure for two leading benchmark examples as consumption-weighted average of pre-union tariffs and subsidies in the member countries.     

关于转轨经济中上市公司盈余管理的动机研究

中国经济步入转轨经济时期 ,政府角色的转换、国有企业改革、市场体系的初步建立以及金融、会计制度的变革等都构成了上市公司盈余管理的制度背景。从经济学角度来看 ,由于存在制度的政治契约和特殊的公司约束机制 ,再加之会计准则的不完全性及注册会计师的无效监督 ,地方政府与上市公司控股股东的强有力的支持等因素 ,上市公司的盈余管理有着天然的外部环境 ,并出现了各种不同的动机 ,如报酬契约动机、首次公开发行股票动机、配股动机、防亏或扭亏动机以及保牌动机、银行借款动机、高级管理人员的变动、市场动机、税收动机。本文试图研究这些动机     

Labor Supply,Migration, and Long-Term Development

This article analyzes the impact of the supply of skilled and unskilled labor on the growth rate of open economies. Using an expansion-in-varieties framework, the model distinguishes between a long-term equilibrium and a medium-term adjustment path. It is demonstrated that the dynamic effects of labor supply are different in a model with expanding varieties in the consumption sector from those in a model with expanding varieties in the production sector. In addition, the outcome depends on the elasticities of substitution in production as well as the countries' production shares in world goods markets. It is shown that, in general, the supply of unskilled labor is likely to have an unfavorable effect on long-term development.     

The Effect of Exchange Rate on Bilateral Trade Balance: New Evidence from Malaysia and Thailand

This paper attempts to identify the major economic factors that influence the bilateral trade balances of Malaysia and Thailand with the US and Japan. To this end, an unrestricted VAR model was estimated using quarterly frequency data from 1980: I to 1996: IV. The Johansen results indicate a stable long-run relation between trade and three macro variables: exchange rate, domestic income and foreign income. The main findings of this paper are: (i) the real effective exchange rate is an important variable in the trade balance equation and devaluation improves the trade balances of both economies in the long-run; (ii) the other important variables that determine trade balance include domestic and foreign incomes; (iii) the results indicate no J-curve effect and causal run from exchange rate to trade balance, (iv) the real effects of devaluation are distributed over a period of eight to nine quarters.     

跨国公司国际研发的新趋势与发展中国家的对策

跨国公司作为全球经济的发动机，依然是国际研发的主体。但是，随着经济全球化的不断深入发展，跨国公司的国际研发也出现了新的发展趋势，跨国公司在发展中国家的研发投入日益增加，给发展中国家带来了机遇和挑战。本文认为，发展中国家在积极吸引跨国公司研发投资的同时，应该趋利避害，发展本国的经济。     

马克思主义政治经济学研究对象的创新

国内教科书将马克思主义政治经济学研究对象限定为生产关系及其运动规律的做法,不仅背离经济学的一般含义,不符合马克思、恩格斯的本意,而且不适应马克思主义政治经济学与时俱进的需要.鉴于我国正在建设社会主义市场经济体制的现实,马克思主义政治经济学的研究对象的创新,需要借鉴西方经济学的研究对象.马克思主义政治经济学不仅要研究生产关系及其运动规律,也要研究一国稀缺资源的配置和利用,并通过分析一国稀缺资源的配置和利用方式,来研究一国特定的生产关系及其运动规律.     

高尔夫球场草屑作为堆肥原料的研究

主要对高尔夫球场3～11月间的草屑作为堆肥原料进行了初步研究。结果表明,不同月份修剪下的草屑量不同,以5月份球道的平均修剪量最高,鲜重可达124.6g/m2。高尔夫球场修剪下来的草屑含有大量的营养元素;施用农药后,修剪下来的草屑检测到农药的残留;高尔夫球场的草屑C/N值一般在10左右。     

China＇s Economy in 2005： At a New Turning Point and Need to Fix Its Development Problems

I. High Growth, Higher Stakes China’s economy in 2005 experienced another year of surging growth, with its total GDP(based on recent revision) expanding at 9.9 percent to reach 18.23 tn yuan (US$2.26 tn).1 Growth in 2005 was slightly lower than the 10.1 percent in 2004; but it was nonetheless very high. Sustained high growth is accompanied by potential high risks, and it inevitably raises the issue of future sustainability of high growth. Although the Chinese economic policy-makers in 200…