全文获取类型
收费全文 | 66029篇 |
免费 | 2309篇 |
国内免费 | 1168篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 5672篇 |
工业经济 | 2737篇 |
计划管理 | 12949篇 |
经济学 | 11525篇 |
综合类 | 13034篇 |
运输经济 | 400篇 |
旅游经济 | 1072篇 |
贸易经济 | 9081篇 |
农业经济 | 4413篇 |
经济概况 | 8621篇 |
信息产业经济 | 2篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 142篇 |
2023年 | 690篇 |
2022年 | 824篇 |
2021年 | 1252篇 |
2020年 | 1604篇 |
2019年 | 1119篇 |
2018年 | 1061篇 |
2017年 | 1165篇 |
2016年 | 1242篇 |
2015年 | 1608篇 |
2014年 | 3608篇 |
2013年 | 4688篇 |
2012年 | 5200篇 |
2011年 | 6787篇 |
2010年 | 5051篇 |
2009年 | 4538篇 |
2008年 | 5221篇 |
2007年 | 4919篇 |
2006年 | 4771篇 |
2005年 | 3597篇 |
2004年 | 2534篇 |
2003年 | 2102篇 |
2002年 | 1378篇 |
2001年 | 1216篇 |
2000年 | 808篇 |
1999年 | 411篇 |
1998年 | 216篇 |
1997年 | 228篇 |
1996年 | 164篇 |
1995年 | 101篇 |
1994年 | 78篇 |
1993年 | 85篇 |
1992年 | 69篇 |
1991年 | 48篇 |
1990年 | 42篇 |
1989年 | 29篇 |
1988年 | 22篇 |
1987年 | 13篇 |
1986年 | 13篇 |
1985年 | 175篇 |
1984年 | 195篇 |
1983年 | 143篇 |
1982年 | 109篇 |
1981年 | 57篇 |
1980年 | 73篇 |
1979年 | 48篇 |
1978年 | 36篇 |
1977年 | 23篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
This paper analyzes the issue costs and initial pricing of bonds in the international market. In particular, we investigate the determinants of three components of issue costs: underwriter fee, underwriter spread (the difference between the offering price and the guaranteed price to the issuer), and underpricing (the difference between the market price and the offering price). Total underwriter compensation increases with the bonds' credit risk and maturity, but it is insignificantly related to issue size. Interestingly, underwriters appear to price some issue characteristics directly (by adjusting the fee) and other characteristics indirectly (by setting the guaranteed price). The two compensation components (fee and spread) are negatively related to each other. We provide evidence that this trade-off is consistent with income tax considerations, as well as with two-tier pricing by underwriters. We find no evidence of underpricing. 相似文献
62.
63.
This paper addresses a simple question: why do people vote? Though simple, this question remains unanswered despite the considerable attention it has received. In this paper, I show that purely rational–instrumental factors explain a large fraction of turnout variations, provided that the effect of the margin of victory on implemented policy is considered. I extend Myerson's models of elections based on Poisson games, and show that, when platforms are responsive to vote shares, the predictions of the model become consistent with several stylized facts, including the secular fall in turnout rates in the US. 相似文献
64.
The effects of unit non-response on survey errors are of great concern to researchers.However, direct assessment of non-response bias in survey estimates is rarely possible.Attempts are often made to adjust for the effects of non-response by weighting, but thisusually relies on the use of frame data or external population data, which are at bestmodestly correlated with the survey variables. This paper reports the development ofa method to collect limited survey data from non-respondents to personal interviewsurveys and a large-scale field test of the method on the British Crime Survey (BCS).The method is shown to be acceptable and low cost, to provide valid data, and to haveno detrimental effect on the main survey. The use of the resultant data to estimatenon-response bias is illustrated and some substantive conclusions are drawn for the BCS. 相似文献
65.
我国自然垄断产业的民营化改革 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在自然垄断产业,国有企业垄断经营低效是一个世界性的问题。自然垄断产业在一定范围内具有可竞争性,即使是在不可竞争性的领域,也可以通过建立潜在的竞争性替代机制,形成模拟竞争环境。自然垄断产业的可竞争性为民营化提供了可能。自然垄断产业民营化就是通过产权制度变革,提高垄断企业的效率。 相似文献
66.
This paper examines the influence of institutional differences on corporate risk management practices in the USA and the Netherlands. We compare results to surveys in each country using a strategy that corrects for differences over industry and size classes across the Dutch and US samples. We document several differences in the firms’ uses and attitudes towards derivatives and attempt to attribute them to the differences in the institutional environments between the USA and the Netherlands. We find that institutional differences appear to have an important impact on risk management practices and derivatives use across US and Dutch firms. 相似文献
67.
Calvyn Potgieter 《International Journal of Technology and Design Education》2004,14(3):205-218
In this article the impact of technology education, as a new learning area (subject) in the curriculum, on in-service teacher
education in South Africa is described in order to ascertain the extent of the impact. The research on which this article
is based draws on a variety of experiences and observations in the field at grassroots level (in particular an outreach project
in rural communities). The envisaged impact of technology education on South African schools, communities, teacher educators
and teachers, the range of in-service teacher education that is required, and the impacts in urban and rural areas are discussed.
Finally a number of concluding remarks are made about the extent of the impact of the inclusion of technology education in
the new National Curriculum Statement and whether the situation has changed since the implementation of a pilot technology
education project in 1998.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
68.
立足政府需要,从侧面对当前政府职能转变过程进行分析和探讨,希望以政府本身作为理性实体的运作为基础,对该问题进行解释。 相似文献
69.
The Graph Model for Conflict Resolution is a flexible methodology for systematically studying strategic conflicts in the real world, and is therefore a natural tool for negotiation support. The basic definitions underlying the graph model are reviewed, and the techniques for analysis and interpretation are discussed. The modeling and analysis of a case study, an international trade negotiation concerning the export of Canadian softwood lumber to the United States, are used to demonstrate the practical application of the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution as a negotiation support tool. The modeling and analysis is carried out using the GMCR software system. The ability of the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution to provide insights and advice to negotiators is emphasized. 相似文献
70.
This paper compares the approximation capabilities of the minflex-Laurents translog and minflex generalized Leontief cost functions with their translog and generalized Leontief counterparts in Monte Carlo experiments. The minflex Laurent specifications generally provided closer approximations to underlying technical and economic parameters. Imposition of nonlinear restrictions on some of the parameters of the minflex Laurent models yielded measurable improvement in estimated elasticities of substitutions, returns to scale, and rates of technical change.The refereeing process of this paper was handled through E. Appelbaum. 相似文献