区域—要素统筹：构建国土空间开发保护制度的关键

研究目的:通过对国土空间开发保护制度的核心概念进行辨析,明确国土空间开发保护制度的科学内涵,并讨论构建新时代国土空间开发保护制度的关键性问题。研究方法:综合分析法与对比分析法。研究结果:中国特色的"国土空间开发保护"概念源于"国土空间开发",交融于土地用途管制制度,拓展于自然资源全要素保护。国土空间的内涵有着"区域"型和"要素"型特性之分,目前也存在分别以主体功能区制度为代表和以土地用途管制为代表的"区域"型、"要素"型两类国土空间开发保护制度。未来需要统筹两类国土空间开发保护的需求,让相应制度承担起指引区域工业化城镇化建设活动、实施国土空间用途管制、推进生态功能受损地区系统性修复治理、开展国家公园和自然保护地保护等多重任务。研究结论:做好"区域—要素统筹"是构建新时代国土空间开发保护制度的关键。     

发展浆用竹林 助推竹纸结合

分析了加快浆用竹林建设、发展竹浆造纸的必要性与紧迫性。认为制约我国竹材制浆造纸的主要因素是:竹材原料的结构性矛盾限制了竹材造纸产业的规模扩张;竹材利用的可替代性与制浆造纸的比较不经济性决定了竹材制浆造纸原料供给缺乏保障;竹浆造纸行业资金技术密集性与纤维资源限制性制约了竹浆产业规模及技术水平的提高。提出了加快我国浆用竹林建设、推动竹浆造纸的发展策略,即坚持走项目大型化、技术高端化、原料供应基地化路线。     

Bank Concentration and Firm Investment: Empirical Evidence from India

This paper investigates the impact of bank concentration on firm-level investment across firm groups classified according to size, investment destination, and debt maturity structure. Using data of 302 manufacturing firms for the period 2000-2009, we show that elevated financial constraints are associated with small and medium-size enterprises and firms that are dependent on short-term debt and exhibit high levels of sensitivity of investment to cash flow. Our empirical finding confirms that bank concentration exerts a positive impact on firms' financial constraints on investment. This effect is more pronounced for small firms and firms dependent on short-term debt. However, our results are indifferent to domestic versus foreign investing firm groups.     

How do income and education affect health inequality: evidence from four developing countries

Using household survey data from four countries ? Albania, Nepal, Tajikistan and Tanzania ? this article calculates income-related inequality in health care utilization. We measure health disparity separately for generally and chronically ill individuals by constructing two models: one for the probability of a visit to a physician and another for the number of visits. Following model-based measurements, we decompose inequality into two major parts: one accounted for by identity-related factors and another by socioeconomic and other factors such as education, geography and distance to a clinic. We propose a new method to quantify the effect of changes in income and education on health disparity. One of our important findings suggests that health disparity is pro-rich in all our sample countries. The pro-rich disparity is prevalent among generally ill as well as chronically ill patients, in both visit probability and visit frequency models. Health inequality seems primarily driven by income differences followed by nonidentity factors. Further, the principle of equal treatment for equal need is not fulfilled in any of our countries. Among policy implications, increasing average income and education in a way that also reduces disparity in income and education, respectively, will substantially shrink inequality in health care utilization.     

The Importance of the Exchange Rate Regime in Limiting Misalignment

This paper explores how the choice of a country’s exchange rate regime may affect exchange rate misalignment for developing and developed countries. A measure of misalignment is obtained by using a panel cointegration vector estimator. This paper finds that for developing countries, an intermediate exchange rate regime (a regime falling somewhere between a pure float and a hard peg) is most effective in preventing exchange rate misalignment. Additionally, the choice of an exchange rate regime as a means to limit misalignment matters for developing countries, but does not seem to matter for developed countries.     

Road safety impacts of the motorcycle in Brazil

Brazil has had high indices of traffic injuries and deaths since the 1950s, mostly related to the increasing and irresponsible use of the automobile. Upon approval of the Brazilian Transit Code (CTB) in 1997, traffic injuries and deaths began to diminish, despite an increase in vehicle fleet size, a phenomenon that had never occurred previously. Concurrently, starting in 1991 and with a great intensity after 1996, there has been a sizeable increase in motorcycle production and use, facilitated and encouraged by public officials. Between 1995 and 2000 annual sales figures for motorcycles doubled and reached 2 million units in 2008. Traffic deaths associated with motorcycles increased exponentially, rising from 725 in 2006 to 10,143 in 2010, eliminating the advances gained by the CTB in reducing auto-related injuries. This article analyses the process and its impacts on road safety. The first part summarises the main public policy decisions related to the theme. Part two analyses changes in traffic safety after the introduction of this new technology. Part three looks at the possible political, economic and social motives that lie behind this process. The final part suggests solutions to the great prejudice caused to society and the nation.     

广西国有高峰林场人才资源现状及发展对策

近年来，广西国有高峰林场根据生产经营需要积极引进各类人才，但由于历史等原因，林场人才资源现状不容乐观，难以满足林场改革发展新形势的需求。文章分析了广西国有高峰林场人才资源现状并时令后发展对策进行探讨。     

IP电话发展现状及其前景

本文介绍了IP电话的概念、应用特点和主要技术，以及IP电话发展的过去、现在和未来。     

加强土地整理和易地开发，保持耕地总量动态平衡

土地是人类的母亲 ,耕地是人类的生命线。然而 ,我国耕地状况十分严峻。本文从土地整理和易地开发两方面探讨了保持耕地动态平衡的方法与对策。