On sustained economic growth with wealth effects

In a discounted one-sector convex model of optimal economic growth where utility may depend on both consumption and capital stock, I derive necessary and sufficient conditions for sustained growth (unbounded expansion of capital and consumption). Conditions for bounded growth and extinction are also outlined. Optimal paths may be non-monotone. Sustained growth may occur even though the asymptotic marginal productivity is less than the discount rate and may require the initial capital stock to be above a critical level. The behavior of the marginal rate of substitution between consumption and capital plays a crucial role in the conditions.     

应急物资公路运输路径优化模型的建立及求解

对应急物资运输时效性和可靠性两方面因素进行了数学描述,在分别对两个指标进行了无量纲化处理后建立了线性加权和效用函数模型,在具体算例中又将效用函数变形为关于λ的线性函数,最后通过坐标系作图将分析结果更直观地表达出来,以供应急物资调度人员根据其具体情况要求更方便快捷地选择应急物资公路运输的最优路径。     

寻找理性经济行为的逻辑新起点——试论中国传统伦理下的中庸理性经济人

在主流经济学的视野中,追求效用最大化是社会个体理性行为的基本准则。文章认为主流经济学理性假设的根本问题在于没有揭示特定人类社会的独特复杂特征。主流经济学家忽略了在现实生活中存在于西方文明之外的实然——中庸理性。文章尝试在以中庸理性为假设的理性经济人模型基础上,探讨中国传统伦理下中庸理性经济人的演化及其存在的可能空间。     

论经济学价值论的三个基本问题

价值本质、价值源泉和价值尺度是价值论的三个基本问题,它们决定价值论的性质,并通过价值论决定经济学的性质。古典政治经济学对这三个问题的回答有两种路线,逐渐演化出两种对立的价值论和经济学体系。两种经济学在理论和实践中的隔阂和对立使价值论以不同的方式退出了经济学的研究范围。中国建设社会主义与市场经济的社会实践对两种经济学的融合与突破提出了迫切需要,也提供了现实条件,这就要求对价值论展开广泛深入的研究。     

市场经济下的功利追求与党的优良传统再教育

市场经济的功利性通过各种途径、方式渗透到我国的教育领域。追求功利,把市场经济绝对化,使传统与现代、未来断裂,以追求利益为目的的“求真务实”成为主流,形成社会无批评意识,膨胀的物欲泛滥。红色文化边缘化,党的优良传统被弱化。在市场经济背景下,高校应当加强党的优良传统再教育,把培养全面发展的高素质人才放在首要地位,     

效用理论在保险决策中的应用

效用函数的凹凸性将风险态度进行了三类划分：风险中性型、风险厌恶型、风险喜好型。本文从效用理论出发研究了不同的风险态度决策人的不同的风险决策结果,讨论了效用理论在保险产品的定价中的应用,并根据不同的风险态度和不同的损失分布函数确定最优投保方式.     

Supporting ALARP decision making by cost benefit analysis and multiattribute utility theory

Current guidance in the UK and elsewhere indicate upper and target risk limits for the operation of nuclear plant in terms of individual risk per annum. ‘As low as reasonably practicable’ (ALARP) arguments are used to justify the acceptance or rejection of policies that lead to risk changes between these limits. The suitability of cost‐benefit analysis (CBA) and multiattribute utility theory (MAUT) are assessed for performing ALARP (‘as low as reasonably possible’) assessments, in particular within the nuclear industry. Four problems stand out in current CBA applications to ALARP, concerning the determination of prices of safety gains or detriments, the valuation of group and individual risk, calculations using ‘disproportionality’, and the use of discounting to trade‐off risks through time. This last point has received less attention in the past but is important because of the growing interest in risk‐informed regulation in which policies extend over several timeframes and distribute the risk unevenly over these, or in policies that lead to a nonuniform risk within a single timeframe (such as maintenance policies). The problems associated with giving quantitative support to such decisions are discussed. It is argued that multiattribute utility methods (MAUT) provide an alternative methodology to CBA which enable the four problems described above to be addressed in a more satisfactory way. Through sensitivity analysis MAUT can address the perceptions of all stakeholder groups, facilitating constructive discussion and elucidating the key points of disagreement. It is also argued that by being explicitly subjective it provides an open, auditable and clear analysis in contrast to the illusory objectivity of CBA. CBA seeks to justify a decision by using a common basis for weights (prices), while MAUT recognizes that different parties may want to give different valuations. It then allows the analyst to explore the ways in which different parties might (or might not) come to the same conclusion even when weighting items differently.     

A strict expected multi-utility theorem

This paper integrates two key approaches to the representation of incomplete preferences over lotteries. The main result strengthens the conclusion of the expected multi-utility theorem in Dubra, Maccheroni, and Ok (2004) by ensuring that all utility indices involved are Aumann utilities (i.e., yield a strictly increasing expectation). The advantages of the method are demonstrated by parametrizing maximal elements and by providing a novel characterization of Aumann utilities.     

PORTFOLIO CHOICE VIA QUANTILES

A portfolio choice model in continuous time is formulated for both complete and incomplete markets, where the quantile function of the terminal cash flow, instead of the cash flow itself, is taken as the decision variable. This formulation covers a wide body of existing and new models with law‐invariant preference measures, including expected utility maximization, mean–variance, goal reaching, Yaari's dual model, Lopes' SP/A model, behavioral model under prospect theory, as well as those explicitly involving VaR and CVaR in objectives and/or constraints. A solution scheme to this quantile model is proposed, and then demonstrated by solving analytically the goal‐reaching model and Yaari's dual model. A general property derived for the quantile model is that the optimal terminal payment is anticomonotonic with the pricing kernel (or with the minimal pricing kernel in the case of an incomplete market if the investment opportunity set is deterministic). As a consequence, the mutual fund theorem still holds in a market where rational and irrational agents co‐exist.