Urban Warfare Ecology: A Study of Water Supply in Basrah

This article assesses the impact of armed conflict on the drinking water service of Basrah from 1978 to 2013 through an ‘urban warfare ecology’ lens in order to draw out the implications for relief programming and relevance to urban studies. It interprets an extensive range of unpublished literature through a frame that incorporates the accumulation of direct and indirect impacts upon the hardware, consumables and people upon which urban services rely. The analysis attributes a step‐wise decline in service quality to the lack of water treatment chemicals, lack of spare parts, and, primarily, an extended ‘brain‐drain’ of qualified water service staff. The service is found to have been vulnerable to dependence upon foreign parts and people, ‘vicious cycles’ of impact, and the politics of aid and of reconstruction. It follows that practitioners and donors eschew ideas of relief–rehabilitation–development (RRD) for an appreciation of the needs particular to complex urban warfare biospheres, where armed conflict and sanctions permeate all aspects of service provision through altered biological and social processes. The urban warfare ecology lens is found to be a useful complement to ‘infrastructural warfare’ research, suggesting the study of protracted armed conflict upon all aspects of urban life be both deepened technically and broadened to other cases.     

山西成家庄煤矿矿井充水因素分析及水害防治措施

矿井水害的预防预报是指查清矿井水文地质条件,对水害做出分析判断。本文以山西成家庄煤矿防治水为例,分析了矿井充水因素,以理论结合实际,为预防矿井水害提供依据。     

《史记》“秦以牛田（之）水通粮”新解

长久以来，前辈学人对于《史记》中平阳君赵豹“秦以牛田（之）水通粮”一语解释多有不同，或以为是秦“以牛耕田，以水漕粮”，或以为是秦“以发源于‘牛田’之地的河流进行漕粮”，但均未形成定论。本文认为，先秦时期关中水资源丰富，渭河支流多可航运，加上关中水利发达，于是秦国利用与渭河支流连通的田间大渠——“浍”渠进行粮食漕运，即所谓“秦以牛田水通粮”。且战国后期，随着秦对外战争规模的扩大，粮秣耗费日增，使用“牛田水通粮”已十分必要。     

Ponds,Power and Institutions: The Everyday Governance of Accessing Urban Water Bodies in a Small Bengali City

While researchers in the growing field of urban political ecology have given significant attention to the fragmented hydroscape that characterizes access to drinking water in the global South, so far the (re)production of other urban waters and its related power relations have been underexplored. This article seeks to contribute to filling this gap by exploring the everyday negotiations over access to urban water bodies, in particular ponds. These are understood as a composite resource that is simultaneously water, land and public space. This analysis draws on a case study from a small city in West Bengal, India, and is based primarily on data from open interviews with different actors with a stake in urban ponds. The article demonstrates that in a context of ambiguity of the statutory governance regime and fragmented control, the (re)production of the pondscape is embedded within complex relationships of power whereby social marginalization can be offset at least momentarily by local institutions such as neighbourhood clubs and political parties.     

浅谈深基坑的若干问题

本文主要论述了深基坑围护的若干设计理论及施工技术,并结合工程实际进行案例分析,探讨结合理论知识指导实际工程管理的作用。     

重复扰动下富含水地层的加固技术

随着城市地铁、地下空间、铁路和公路隧道的大规模建设和发展,工程中要面对的各种复杂地层的地基处理及松软地层改良问题越来越多。文章结合广州市轨道交通5号线(大坦沙～中山八盾构区间)2#联络通道塌方后,在重复扰动的富含水地层进行加固处理的成功经验,详细地介绍了采用无收缩双液二重管注浆技术在重复扰动下富含水地层中的注浆加固方法。     

Measuring Production and Irrigation Efficiencies of Rice Farms: Evidence from the Punjab Province,Pakistan

We employ a non‐parametric approach, data envelopment analysis, to estimate the technical and irrigation efficiency of rice farms in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. We use a cross‐sectional dataset of 80 rice growers, including 45 tube‐well owners and 35 water buyers. Mean technical efficiency scores show that tube‐well owners and water buyers are operating at fairly high efficiency levels, indicating that access to technology is not a major constraint. However, irrigation inefficiency is pronounced, with water buyers being more inefficient than tube‐well owners. A bootstrap truncated regression is used to investigate the determinants of technical and irrigation efficiency. We suggest that groundwater management policies should be designed to address efficiency enhancing factors such as knowledge of crop water consumption requirement, better credit opportunities, outreach extension services and training programs.     

浅谈中央空调循环水系统水处理的重要性和必要性

中央空调循环水处理是通过中央空调的循环水系统来实现的,这样的水处理之所以重要主要是因为没有经处理的水会使管道腐蚀、结垢等,使得设备的使用寿命大大缩短。     

沥青路面水损坏现象的影响因素及防治措施

沥青路面水损坏是一个普遍存在的问题,也决不是一个过时的话题,特别是在中国南方地区。沥青路面水损坏问题的本质是沥青与集料在静、动水压力作用下的持续粘附能力,这也是该问题的核心。为此,文章围绕沥青路面水损坏的特性及成因进行了探讨,并结合实际工作经验总结了水损坏的预防措施。