油井管的质量缺陷及其预防

介绍了油井管的质量要求,指出了油井管在生产过程中的质量缺陷,主要有管体本身的缺陷（理化性能不符合要求、无损探伤不符合要求、几何尺寸超差和通径不合格）、表面缺陷（裂纹、内折、外麻坑和表面擦伤等）和螺纹缺陷（黑皮扣、颤纹、乱扣和螺纹参数超标等）,分析了质量缺陷产生的原因,并提出了缺陷的预防及处理措施。     

小型水库的安全隐患研究

文章以4个病险水库为例,探讨了小型水库的安全隐患。通过对防洪、抗震、结构、渗流、金属结构、运行管理等进行分析,得出大部分水库不满足规范要求,存在严重的结构、渗流安全隐患;闸门锈蚀、启闭设备破坏,防汛抢险道路雨天通行困难,无降雨观测设施,大坝的运行管理工作差。     

Validation of an economic model of paliperidone palmitate for chronic schizophrenia

Abstract

Objective:

Model validation is important, but seldom applied in chronic schizophrenia. Validation consists of verifying the model itself for face validity (i.e., structure and inputs), cross-validation with other models assessing the same issue, and comparison with real-life outcomes. The primary purpose was to cross-validate a recent pharmacoeconomic model comparing long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics for treating chronic schizophrenia in Sweden. The secondary purpose was to provide external validation.

Methods:

The model of interest was a decision tree analysis with a 1-year time horizon with costs in 2011 Swedish kroner. Drugs analyzed included paliperidone palmitate (PP-LAI), olanzapine pamoate (OLZ-LAI), risperidone (RIS-LAI), haloperidol (HAL-LAI), and oral olanzapine (oral-OLZ). Embase and Medline were searched from 1990–2012 for models examining LAIs. Articles were retrieved, with data extracted for all drugs compared including: expected costs, rates of hospitalization, proportion of time not in relapse, and associated QALYs. Outcomes from the model of interest were compared with those from other articles; costs were projected to 2012 using the consumer price index.

Results:

Twenty-six studies were used for validation; 14 of them provided evidence for cross-validation, 13 for external validation, and four for cost. In cross-validation, cost estimates varied ?1.8% (range: ?12.4–20.1%), hospitalizations 5.2% (?12.1–3.1%), stable disease 2.5% (?5.6–1.5%), QALYs 9.0% (4.3% after removing outliers). All estimates of clinical outcomes were within 15%. In external validation, hospitalization rates varied by 6.3% (?0.7–11.3%). The research was limited by data availability and validity of the original results.

Conclusion:

Other models validated the outputs of our model very well.     

Human identification with electrocardiogram

ABSTRACT

In recent years, due to the popularity of wearable and implantable devices, the application of electrocardiogram (ECG) recognition for human identification has become more and more feasible. ECG is an important biological signal, which can be used for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. After more than 20 years of research, it has been established that the ECG signal is unique to individual. This article intends to summarize the previous algorithms and applications in ECG recognition for human identification, while introducing the concept, history, algorithm summary, hardware platform etc. In addition, we also discuss some important issues in order to provide a helpful guideline for future research.     

On the Natural and Economic Difficulties to Fulfilling the Human Right to Water Within a Neoclassical Economics Framework

We present a neoclassical economic model of the human right to water using a nonrenewable resource model inclusive of a backstop technology. The right is interpreted as a minimum consumption requirement the government is obligated to fulfill in the event that any one household cannot do so independently. Differing by income levels, households maximize utility by purchasing a composite consumption good and water from two distinct, government-owned sources. Facing physical and financial constraints, the government uses fiscal policy to address potential human rights violations. Reducing the analysis to two periods, we develop a novel approach to compare total welfare levels from a joint human rights and neoclassical economics perspective. We define a human rights welfare standard and discuss cases in which traditional social welfare measures would exceed, violate, or meet this standard. We thus offer a unique way to merge economic analysis with human rights research.     

Working capital requirement and the unemployment volatility puzzle

Shimer (2005) argues that a search and matching model of the labor market in which wage is determined by Nash bargaining cannot generate the observed volatility in unemployment and vacancy in response to reasonable labor productivity shocks. This paper examines how incorporating monopolistically competitive firms with a working capital requirement (in which firms borrow funds to pay their wage bills) improves the ability of the search models to match the empirical fluctuations in unemployment and vacancy without resorting to an alternative wage setting mechanism. The monetary authority follows an interest rate rule in the model. A positive labor productivity shock lowers the real marginal cost of production and lowers inflation. In response to the fall in price level, the monetary authority reduces the nominal interest rate. A lower interest rate reduces the cost of financing and partially offsets the increase in labor cost from a higher productivity. A reduced labor cost implies the firms retain a greater portion of the gain from a productivity shock, which gives them a greater incentive to create vacancies. Simulations show that a working capital requirement does indeed improve the ability of the search models to generate fluctuations in key labor market variables to better match the U.S. data.     

Reserve modelling and the aggregation of risks using time varying copula models

This paper is concerned with the appropriate claim reserving modelling and aggregation of risks in the insurance sector. In fact, literature review provided some methods to evaluate the total amount of reserves and solvency capital of different lines of business. However, these models were derived under the independent losses assumption. Thus, the total amount of reserves and capital may be inaccurate when losses are dependent, as it is the case in practice. In this paper, a novel model is proposed aiming to handle temporal dependence, both between a line of business claim's amounts and between the two lines of business claims. Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Sinistrality model is used to analyze the evolution in time of dependence and time varying copula functions are proposed to aggregate risks. To achieve such purpose, a simulation study, highlighting the impact on reserves and Solvency Capital Requirement, is performed. Results revealed that a diversification effect could be gained on the Solvency Capital when considering time varying dependence structures.     

论新农村建设中的资本要素缺失

我国政府已明确提出建设社会主义新农村的发展战略,而农村金融作为当代农村经济发展中至关重要的资本要素配置的相关制度安排,其作用日益凸显.当前,我国农村金融市场存在不均衡状态,为此应做到:尽快明确中国农业银行商业化改革的目标定位;拓展农业发展银行业务范围;加快农村信用社改革;民间融资合法化;建立农业保险体系;开辟农村资本市场,拓宽农业企业融资渠道.     

Formal Analysis of Segregation of Duties (SoD) in Accounting: A Computational Approach

This study examines a computational framework for segregation of duties (SoD) in the design as well as implementation of accounting systems. The framework consists of a model of workflows in accounting systems based on workflow graphs, a partial order model of roles performed by the actors in the accounting system, and a specification of SoD rules. We develop a set of algorithms for four SoD rules that can be used in the enforcement of SoD. For the SoD rule that precludes task type conflicts, our results show that while compliance verification can be carried out efficiently, finding an SoD compliant assignment of tasks is computationally intractable. For those situations, we present an integer linear programming (ILP) formulation for finding compliant assignments using public domain ILP solvers. For the remaining three SoD rules, we demonstrate efficient ways of testing compliance for a given assignment as well as finding compliant assignments.     

虚假验资报告的法律与会计涵义及其认定--兼评中国注册会计师执业责任鉴定委员会暂行规则

虚假验资报告的涵义在会计界与法律界存在严重分歧,而这种分歧的实质是民事责任的承担问题。因此,如果不将验资报告的虚假与否作为注册会计师承担法律责任的惟一标准,注册会计师通过审验过程的“真实性”来进行减责或免责的抗辩,则这种分歧不难解决。对于注册会计师执业责任的鉴定,中注协出台的中国注册会计师执业责任鉴定委员会暂行规则相关规定的内容值得商榷。