Elicitation Format and Sensitivity to Scope

This paper undertakes a systematiccomparison of the contingent valuation (CV) andchoice experiments (CE) methods, andinvestigates the extent to which either of themare affected by insensitivity to scope. This isachieved by undertaking separate CV estimatesof willingness to pay for two nested publicgoods, both of which are explicitly included ina parallel CE survey. The results indicate thatCE values exhibit greater sensitivity to scopethan CV values. CE gives significantly largerresults than CV for the more inclusive publicgood and significantly smaller results for theless inclusive public good.     

Board Effectiveness and CEO Pay: Board Information Processing Capacity,Monitoring Complexity,and CEO Pay‐for‐Performance Sensitivity

We have developed an information processing theory of board effectiveness to examine board‐chief executive officers (CEOs) pay relations. We theorize that CEO pay reflects the information processing context of boards. Boards have limited information processing capacity and therefore prefer to use outcome‐based CEO pay when they have difficulty in processing information for monitoring their CEOs. Using a longitudinal sample of Standard and Poor's (S&P's) large‐, medium‐, and small‐cap manufacturing firms in the United States from 1998 through 2005, we found support for our theory. Large boards and boards in less complex monitoring contexts tend to link CEO pay less tightly to firm performance by providing less stock‐based incentives, and the tendency of large boards to decrease outcome‐based CEO pay is even greater when boards are not busy or when boards are in less complex monitoring contexts. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Investment–cash flow sensitivity measures investment thirst,but not financial constraint

Literature streams disagree about the capacity of investment–cash flow sensitivity (ICFS) to measure both investment thirst and financial constraint. We argue that ICFS measures the former but not the latter. Therefore, we use Fazzari et al.'s study (1988) to develop a model to test the relationship between ICFS and financial constraint, but extend that model using Kornai (1979) to include investment thirst. We demonstrate: because the ICFS–financial constraint relationship varies, ICFS cannot measure financial constraint. Conversely, using a natural experiment of China's Four Trillion Stimulus policy, we show ICFS significantly and positively correlates with investment thirst after controlling for financial constraint.     

Price placebo effect in hedonic consumption

Given the widespread use of premium pricing strategies as a marketing practice, how consumers evaluate premium pricing actions is an interesting issue for both marketing researchers and practitioners. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine perceptions of premium prices and the role of prices, which act as a cue that improves consumers’ experiences in an upscale café setting. Indeed, the results indicated that both price–quality schema and prestige sensitivity were significant factors that induce a positive overall perception of quality at luxury cafés, including coffee, service, and atmosphere. Thus, this study evidences that a price placebo effect exists in hedonic consumption settings. To better understand consumers’ mental accounting based on their income source, the study examined the moderating effect of the origin of the respondents’ income as well. The results revealed that the price tag generates positive consumer responses to café quality.     

财务净现值敏感性分析图在店房金矿中的应用

为了更加全面地了解敏感性对项目效益指标的影响,可以通过有利于不确定因素的变化和不利于不确定因素的变化两个方面绘制敏感性的分析图,以此来进行敏感性分析。通过改变不确定因素的数值,借助敏感度系数、最大和最小的可能的临界点来计算不同情况下对项目效益指标的影响,能够从中得到最关键性的敏感因素,以此更加全面合理准确地完成敏感性分析。     

土地利用规划环境影响评价建立与案例

土地利用总体规划环境影响评价是战略环评的重要组成部分．本文以广东省阳江市为例探讨区域土地生态环境敏感性评价指标的确定及土地适宜性分析，研究中运用了GIS技术，解决了传统方法难以作定量分析的问题，分析的结果较为精确，图件的直观性较好。     

ASSESSING THE ROBUSTNESS OF COMPOSITE INDICES RANKINGS

Ranking objects in terms of different attributes is a crucial practice that is typically sensitive to the choice of attributes' weights. In this paper we present rigorous methods to assess the extent to which the weight‐based rankings are robust to the choice of alternative weights. Empirical illustrations are provided, showing the robustness of country rankings arising from the values of the UNDP Human Development Index, the Gender‐related Development Index, or the Human Poverty Index among others. The ideas and techniques presented in this paper can be used to assess the reliability of multiattribute rankings.     

Inferential Implications of Over‐Parametrization: A Case Study in Incomplete Categorical Data

In the context of either Bayesian or classical sensitivity analyses of over‐parametrized models for incomplete categorical data, it is well known that prior‐dependence on posterior inferences of nonidentifiable parameters or that too parsimonious over‐parametrized models may lead to erroneous conclusions. Nevertheless, some authors either pay no attention to which parameters are nonidentifiable or do not appropriately account for possible prior‐dependence. We review the literature on this topic and consider simple examples to emphasize that in both inferential frameworks, the subjective components can influence results in nontrivial ways, irrespectively of the sample size. Specifically, we show that prior distributions commonly regarded as slightly informative or noninformative may actually be too informative for nonidentifiable parameters, and that the choice of over‐parametrized models may drastically impact the results, suggesting that a careful examination of their effects should be considered before drawing conclusions.     

Biometrics technology evaluating and selecting model building

Biometrics has been vigorously promoted around the world as a means to strengthen security and privacy in the IT world. Biometrics has been applied in specific areas for decades and proliferated in customer and resident electronic products to enhance security and privacy. This study evaluated biometrics through conventional technology assessment considerations combined with viewpoints from the particularity of biometric technologies and provides suggestions for selection. In order to achieve biometric technology assessment, we examined how different evaluating objects, technology assessment, biometric competence and key elements of biometric, lead to corresponding biometric technologies. The relative importance of each object was evaluated using the analytic hierarchy process. The weight of each object was adjusted separately to construct evaluating scenarios by sensitivity analysis. The results show that fingerprint recognition, iris recognition and palm print recognition are three biometric technologies that could meet the three objects requirements at the same time.     

不确定条件下长期投资决策方法的运用

本文通过概率分析与敏感分析 ,对不确定条件下长期投资决策的风险因素 ,及其程度进行了阐述 ,并对传统方法作了一些完善与修正。