关于山区变电站接地改造工程设计的探讨

文章通过对某变电站接地电阻偏高的原因进行探讨,并对山区变电站在接地上普遍存在的土壤电阻率高、可用场地小、地势险峻、地形复杂等困难因素进行了分析。依据典型变电站在接地改造中取得的成功经验,提出了利用深井接地、电解离子接地体,并添加长效降阻剂降阻等复合降阻措施对山区变电站进行接地设计和降阻改造的方法。     

High Mountain Adventure Tourism: Trekkers’ Perceptions of Risk and Death in Mt. Everest Region,Nepal

This study examines trekkers' perceptions of risk and death associated with high mountain adventure tourism based on their actual experience during the trek to the Everest Base Camp. The study is based on the authors' fieldwork conducted during April to May 2014. Interview questions focused on trekkers' perceptions of risks associated with their own activities, and the risks taken by professional mountaineers and Sherpa guides. Results show that trekkers realized the differences in risks associated with climbing and trekking, and celebrated the accounts of risk taken by the mountaineers. But when risk was self-experienced during the trek, celebration turned into fear and emotional distress. Trekkers generally held foreign mountaineers with much higher reverence than Sherpa climbers. The study concludes with the suggestion that more research is needed to examine the dynamic emotional state of adventure tourists, commodification of high mountain adventure, and understanding local perspectives of adventure tourists.     

山区村镇体系发展规划影响要素分析*——以河北省平山县为例

［目的］探究山区村镇体系发展规划影响要素，将为区域村镇建设规划的制定提供理论参考，对加快新农村建设步伐具有重要的实际意义。［方法］以河北省平山县为实例，从自然因素、经济因素和社会因素3个层面共选取20个影响村镇体系发展规划的因素，邀请相关领域专家对这些因素进行重要性评价，并采用层次分析法确定各影响因素所占权重。［结果］对各影响因素权重进行排序，排名前五位的因素依次为人均生产总值、政府的扶持力度、原有生产布局、灾害发育程度和交通通达性，所占权重分别为0200 0、0150 0、0100 0、0079 6和0074 6。这些因素对平山县村镇规划影响较大，是该县规划中需要重点考虑的因素。［结论］该县今后应继续提升地区经济实力，加强政府的扶持力度。在规划中，避免打破原有生产布局，做好灾害勘测，关注交通的通达性，加强对村镇建设的统筹规划，明确发展定位和布局。     

西南民族地区旅游扶贫绩效评价研究——以重庆武陵山片区为调查对象

[目的]以重庆武陵山片区为调查对象,依据当地贫困人口抽样调查数据定量分析其旅游扶贫的经济、社会、环境绩效,以客观评价西南民族地区旅游扶贫开发取得的成效。[方法]采用调查分析法、统计分析法,利用长江师范学院"西南民族地区旅游扶贫"课题组在重庆武陵山片区所获得的抽样调查数据,对西南民族地区的旅游扶贫绩效进行定量评价。[结果]有超过85%的受访者表示旅游扶贫促进了当地农产品的销售,65%的受访者认为加快了脱贫致富和带来了新的思想观念,有超过90%的受访者认为基础设施得到改善,近80%的受访者表示环境卫生得到改善。但是,也有50%的受访者认为存在飞地效应,有超过70%的受访者认为造成生活成本上升,有超过80%的受访者认为拉大了贫富差距。[结论]旅游扶贫对增加西南民族地区贫困农户收入有显著效应,生活及卫生环境得以较大改善,但也存在生活成本上升、飞地效应及贫富差距拉大等负面效应。     

Resident Attitudes Towards Mountain Second-Home Tourism Development in Norway: The Effects of Environmental Attitudes

Rural tourism, especially through second-home development is increasing rapidly in much of Europe, the USA and Canada offering new economic opportunities for local communities, but also challenges related to environmental impacts and differing perceptions within communities about appropriate development paths. This study examines associations between the environmental attitudes of residents and attitudes towards second-home development in two regions in Southern Norway, with community attachment and economic dependency as additional predictors. Ecocentrism was found to have a strong negative effect on attitudes towards tourism development, while, in contrast to previous findings, community attachment did not have significant effects. Economic dependency is significantly related to attitudes towards development; both ecocentrism and economic dependency are mediated by other variables, such as expected impacts and benefits. The findings are important in planning to reduce potential conflicts.     

谈山区农村公路交通工程设计

文章分析交通工程是保障公路的准确、安全、快速、舒适,对于整个交通工程系统的合理运营起着决定性的作用。本文主要介绍进行交通工程设计的情况,分析山区农村交通工程设计中的重点问题,并提出了较为合理可行的设计和施工建议。     

Residents’ perception of tourism and their satisfaction: Evidence from Mount Kilimanjaro,Tanzania

This study aimed at assessing the influence of residents’ perception of socio-cultural, economic and environmental impacts of tourism on their overall satisfaction with tourism. The moderation effect of residents’ tourism economic dependency was also tested within these relationships. Using a structured questionnaire, data were collected from 160 residents living along the Mount Kilimanjaro climbing routes. Moderated multiple linear regression was used to test the hypotheses. The findings show that, generally, the residents are positive about the impacts of tourism in their areas, and that perceived economic and environmental impacts of tourism significantly influence residents’ overall satisfaction with tourism. However, tourism economic dependency appears not to moderate the influence of perceived economic, social-cultural, and environmental impacts on residents’ overall satisfaction with tourism. The study results offer implications to mountain destination managers on the use of perceived impacts of tourism in enhancing the residents’ overall satisfaction as a means to sustainable tourism.     

A Participatory Simulation to Facilitate Farmers' Adoption of Livestock Feeding Systems Based on Conservation Agriculture in the Uplands of Northern Vietnam

In the mountain areas of northern Vietnam, extensive husbandry of large-ruminants is limited by the lack of natural forage. Since 2000, the Mountain Agrarian System Program has been concerned with this issue and has evaluated technical alternatives aimed at sustainable integration of crop-livestock systems. One alternative consists of feeding systems for largeruminants based on cropping systems with plant cover. Diffusion of information about the new system is supported by a set of interactive communication tools for use between farmers and researchers. A participatory simulation method was developed that combines a compartmental model of the village territory with five technical innovations. Farmers simulate the adoption of the innovations they choose among food-forage cropping systems in rotation or in association, and urea-treated straw. They evaluate the quantity of forage that can be grown for their herd using the chosen set of techniques.

Simulations revealed farmers' constraints and objectives in adopting sustainable cropping systems on the hillsides while maintaining a small animal husbandry system. The results obtained by each farmer provide a useful basis for discussion about the implementation of innovation. This participatory simulation method could be more widely used to facilitate the diffusion of innovations such as integrating livestock feeding systems with conservation cropping practices.     

西南5省大旱凸显农业保险的重要性

西南5省大旱凸显农业保险的重要性,我们应该重视目前我国农业保险存在的问题,确立农业保险和再保险制度发展的思路。     

北京市昌平山区沟域经济发展路径研究

“绿色化”这一概念的提出,首次与之前的“新四化”并列,既是新时期生态文明建设的任务,同时也为可持续发展提供了方向与路径。在分析沟域经济内涵与特征的基础上,以北京市昌平山区的发展为例,通过生态要素的保护、生态产业的提升,实现区域经济协同发展的目标。