基于FDI的产业集群发展模式与动力机制--以浙江嘉善木业集群为例

集群战略日益广泛地被运用于招商引资 ,旨在增强地区对外资的吸引力与粘合力 ,从而促进地方持续发展。浙江嘉善木业集群的经验表明 ,外资能否持续推动地方集群的发展 ,除了受地方制度成本及集群外部效应的影响之外 ,还更取决于外资企业与民营企业之间的融合方式与程度。在学习能力和企业家精神较强的地区 ,民营企业在外资企业的示范带动和竞争压力下 ,能够通过持续的知识积累和自主创新 ,增强并突出自身优势。届时 ,外资企业不但能够获得纯经济外部性 ,还能够获得知识与信息的外部性 ,并受此驱动与地方资本有效融合。     

企业规模、规模经济与产业集群

企业规模问题一直存在着截然相反的观点和主张,造成冲突的原因在于“企业规模”是一个各取所需的含混的概念。具有经济学意义的企业规模应该从两个相互正交的维度上———企业的横向规模和纵向规模———来度量。规模经济来自于横向规模的扩张,而纵向规模的扩张可能会带来规模不经济。产业集群是观察企业横向、纵向规模一个好的样本。区分企业规模的不同性质,将会使与规模经济相关的理论研究出现明晰的路径。     

装备制造业集群耦合结构:一个产业集群研究的新视角

我国老工业基地的装备制造业集群一直游离于产业集群理论与实证研究之外，本文在国内外研究人员产业集群研究成果基础上，结合装备制造产业特点，提出耦合的研究视角。文章借鉴系统耦合的思想，把装备制造业集群要素间的经济联系和内在产业关联抽象为制造企业耦合、集群产业耦合以及区域社会网络耦合三层结构，构建装备制造业集群耦合结构；结合集群耦合度模型，研究装备制造业集群的耦合机理和影响集群要素耦合度的因素。并以沈阳装备制造业集群为例，分析沈阳装备制造业集群发展中存在的问题，相应提出促进集群要素耦合的对策。     

Innovation performance and the role of clustering at the local enterprise level: a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis approach

ABSTRACT

This study, utilizes an innovative methodological approach, fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), investigating the drivers of heterogeneous geographies characterizing English Local Economic Partnerships (LEPs). The fsQCA technique offers a novel configurational alternative to regression-based approaches investigating the effects of clustering in conjunction with firm-level innovation, university third-sector activity (TSA) and entrepreneurship, on LEPs innovation performance. The findings, offer contributions to the theories of industrial clusters and innovation, regional innovation systems, knowledge spillovers and entrepreneurial university innovation within LEPs. First, supporting fsQCAs, no individual variable generates either a positive/negative innovation outcome. Second, while all positive innovation recipes include presence of the cluster variable, for negative innovation recipes, only one does not identify absence of clustering as relevant. Given that the cluster variable does not appear in any recipes without at least one of the other variables suggests activity concentration does not exist in isolation to generate innovation outcomes without other localized conditions existing, e.g. firm-level innovation. Third, there is evidence for the non-cluster-based aspects of knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship with respect to university activity and the entrepreneurial university concept. Instead, roles of entrepreneurship and university TSA, while important, appear to be more peripheral and geographically context specific.     

Accelerators as start-up infrastructure for entrepreneurial clusters

ABSTRACT

Infrastructure is commonly conceptualized as a set of facilities that play a critical role in facilitating activities by individuals and organizations. Conventionally, infrastructure is tightly linked to publicly funded projects that facilitate access to key resources and enable diverse activities. Within entrepreneurial clusters research, infrastructure includes universities, research institutions and telecommunication technologies that facilitate entrepreneurial activities. These capital-intensive investments seek to facilitate start-ups emergence by aiding access to markets and development of ideas. Accelerators facilitate the same activities and have only recently been conceptualized as start-up infrastructure. This study builds upon this research stream by elaborating on how accelerators can play this meaningful role at the cluster level. Specifically, and by relying on the analysis of empirical evidence from three distinct studies, we uncover how accelerators provide tangible and intangible dimensions of start-up infrastructure to form a positively reinforcing cycle of entrepreneurial activities. Additionally, our findings allow us to push further the idea that start-up infrastructure development can be an endogenous process involving multiple actors within the cluster. Our empirical findings and the theoretical insights derived from them have meaningful implications for the aforementioned literature, as well as start-up practitioners and policymakers linked to the funding of entrepreneurial clusters.     

Incentives for cattle producers to adopt an E. Coli vaccine: An application of best–worst scaling

E. coli O157:H7 is an important source of foodborne disease. The E. coli pathogen occurs naturally within the rumen of livestock (including cattle) and does not affect the health of the cattle, however, can be a source of cross-contamination during food processing or environmental contamination of drinking and irrigation water supplies. A vaccine to reduce the risk of cattle shedding E. coli is licensed for use in Canada and the US, however, adoption of the vaccine by cattle producers has been extremely low. Using data from a survey of cow–calf producers in western Canada, the influence of a set of thirteen incentives to encourage adoption of the vaccine is examined using Best–Worst Scaling. Incentives include policy interventions, market/supply chain incentives, production protocol incentives, and producer reputation incentives. Heterogeneity in producer responses to the incentives is evident and is further explored with a Latent Class Cluster analysis. Results suggest that a ‘one size fits all’ policy to encourage adoption of an E. coli vaccine by cattle producers may be challenging.     

企业的人才培养与发展策略

人才是第一生产力,当今企业之间激烈的竞争归根结底还是人才的竞争。企业人才为企业的发展提供了动力,企业人才的综合素质和能力最终决定了企业发展的高度和未来。尽管越来越多的企业已经意识到了人才培养对企业发展的重要性,但在实际的工作中,企业的人才培养还存在着许多不足之处,亟待改进。基于此,论文对企业人才培养过程中普遍存在的问题进行了研究和分析,针对存在的问题提出了相关对策,希望对企业的人才培养与发展具有帮助作用。     

服装外贸跟单的人才构建与实践

本文阐述了服装外贸跟单员工作岗位的形成,重点介绍服装外贸企业的跟单工作过程,通过将服装外贸跟单员的起源与工作过程相结合,最终对服装外贸跟单的人才培养提出几点建议。     

浅谈企业的人才留用机制与人力资源管理问题

进入现代社会,企业之间的竞争日益激烈,而要想在激烈的市场竞争中站稳脚跟,就必须加强企业的人才储备。本文对人才留用机制的建设和人力资源管理方面提出一些意见和建议以供参考。     

The rise of IT services clusters in India: A case of growth by replication

The Indian IT services sector has grown from small beginnings at the bottom of value creation to a major player in the global information and communications technology (ICT) industry. It commands a 55% share in the global market for IT services. India's IT sector value proposition in terms of low cost with large supply of high quality talent is compelling. As a result, India has become the premier choice not only for outsourcing IT services by the developed-world's multinational corporations (MNCs) but also for locating their own Global In-house Centers (GICs), which simultaneously compete and partner with local firms. This gave rise to six additional clusters beyond the earliest, largest and robust cluster, Bangalore. The paper provides a review of relevant literature; develops a conceptual framework for evaluation of clusters; and presents data and analysis with respect to relative size, growth, specialization, MNC presence and connectivity to local firms through expatriates and returning Indians, ,innovation; and discusses adequacy of ICT infrastructure for future growth. Although there are clear signs that the Indian IT sector has been moving towards a regime of providing high-end value added services, the sector's value proposition – lower cost combined with a large supply of high quality talent – remains the single most compelling reason for the rise and growth of multiple export clusters. Thus the sector's growth appears to be a case of growth by replication rather than innovation. The paper concludes that the Indian IT sector's value proposition in terms of lower cost combined with large supply of high quality talent remains the single most compelling reason for the rise and growth of multiple IT services export clusters. While the old adage, “people follow jobs” still holds for large part of the labor force, there is little doubt that the sprawling IT services clusters in India - with more to come from Tier II and Tier III cities – indicate, in fact, that “jobs follow talent." Both local firms and the MNCs, through their GICs, are pushing the boundaries of location farther and farther to continue to leverage cost advantage and available pools of talent.