Determining the relationship between ownership and technical efficiency by using a dynamic stochastic production frontier approach

This study adopts dynamic stochastic production frontier approach. Because of the impact of quasi-fixed inputs, airports cannot immediately adjust their production processes. Based on the heterogeneity of public and private airports’ operation models, this study estimates their individual production adjustment speed and their short-run and long-run technical efficiencies to compare transnational airport business performance. The results reveal the differences in the production adjustment of airport groups under different ownerships and performance. Private airports have faster production adjustment, whereas public airports have higher short-run and long-run technical efficiencies. As their primary goal, public airports should strive to increase the elasticity of production adjustment to increase the production adjustment speed, thus improving their long-run technical efficiency. On the other hand, private airports should prioritize eliminating short-run inefficiency to increase their actual output level, thereby improving their long-run technical efficiency.     

基于CFD的超声波流体测量影响因素的模拟

针对超声波流量计，通过实验实测和模拟结果的对比，提出采用CFD模拟仿真的方法，研究影响因素对超声波流量计内部流场及速度分布的影响。借助模拟方法分析了热电偶的安装、不同流量和流体温度对流量计内部流场及修正系数K的影响，结果表明，热电偶不仅仅影响了下游的工质流动，扰动的范围已经蔓延到上游接近超声波探头附近，会对流量测量结果产生影响；同一温度下，修正系数K随着流量的增大，先快速减小，再缓慢减小；当流量较小时，流动本身因温度的变化所带来的测量误差已经超过了可接受的范围，表明在流量较小时测量会产生较大的误差，应考虑温度补偿。模拟仿真为超声波流量计的进一步研究和优化提供了简单便捷的方法。     

Contextualizing speed and cross-border acquisition performance: Labor market flexibility and efficiency effects

There is general agreement that acquisition integration is decisive for acquisition performance. Despite this consensus, there are heterogeneous results on integration measures, such as integration speed with empirical research supporting the benefits of either fast or slow integration. We argue that the business environment surrounding acquisitions has the potential to reconcile conflicting findings. We develop how institutional factors (i.e., labor market flexibility and efficiency) influence the relationships between speed of human and functional integration on acquisition performance. With a sample of 203 transactions from acquirers from central Europe and Scandinavia, we find human and functional integration speed have divergent effects on acquisition performance. Further, both relationships are moderated by labor market flexibility and efficiency, but in different ways. Implications for research and practice are discussed.     

Scope versus speed: Team diversity,leader experience,and patenting outcomes for firms

Research Summary: How does the organization of patenting activity affect a firm's patenting outcomes? We investigate how the composition of patenting teams relates to both the scope of their patent applications and the speed with which their patents are approved, by examining the main effects of team members’ intra‐organizational diversity (based on affiliations with formal organizational units and informal organizational communities) and the moderating effects of team leader experience. We test our moderated mediation model in a sample of 121 teams that filed patents in a Fortune 50 company's India R&D center between 2005 and 2015, using proprietary employee data combined with newly released micro‐data from the U.S Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). Our findings illuminate the micro‐foundations of innovation in firms by highlighting a trade‐off between organizing patenting activity to maximize scope versus speed. Managerial Summary: Patenting is an important strategic tool that firms can use to protect and create value from their innovations. A firm can benefit from filing a patent application that gives it a wider possible set of claims related to an innovation. It can also benefit from faster approval of a patent application by the Patent Office. However, our study shows that there is a trade‐off between patent application scope and patent approval speed, which creates tensions for the organization of patenting activities inside firms. In particular, we find that the diversity of a patenting team is positively related to patent scope but negatively related to patenting speed, and that these relationships vary with the experience of the team leader.     

高速铣削铝合金时铣刀材料和几何角度的合理选择

高速切削是随着数控机床主轴转速和进给速度大幅度提高而逐渐发展的新型制造技术。文章阐述了高速切削刀具基本发展状况和高速铣削对刀具的要求,并论述了高速铣削铝合金时铣刀材料和几何角度的合理选择。     

关于高速信号处理算法的研究

高速信号处理算法的研究主要是针对目前日益激增的网络数据流量给各大运营商带来的巨大难题而提出。本文针对几种目前研究比较集中的信号处理算法进行分析,并进行对比,能够为高速信号处理算法的选择提供一定的理论支持。     

高速铣削碳纤维复合材料铣削温度实验分析

采用多因素正交实验法,在高速加工中心上,进行了高速铣削碳纤维复合材料的实验。基于概率统计和回归分析原理,对回归方程进行了显著性检验,并建立了碳纤维复合材料的切削温度经验模型。通过分析正交实验直观图,研究了切削参数对切削温度的影响。     

The speed of adjustment in working capital requirement

This paper analyzes the determinants of working capital requirement (WCR) and examines the speed with which firms adjust toward their target WCR. The findings indicate that firms adjust relatively quickly, which supports the hypothesis that current balance sheet items are easier to manipulate and could be changed quite easily, even in the short run. Moreover, we find that the speed of adjustment is not equal across all firms and varies according to their external finance constraints and their bargaining power. Firms with better access to external capital markets and greater bargaining power adjust faster due to their lower costs of adjustment.     

面波法波速测试在岩土工程勘察中的应用

文章简述了面波法波速测试方法的工作原理、现场施测技术以及数据处理和资料分析过程,运用工程实例说明了面波法波速测试技术在岩土工程勘察设计中的应用和效果。     

Promotion and Prevention Contracts in Distributor–Supplier Relationship Using Matched Dyadic Data

ABSTRACT

Purpose: This article aims to introduce and distinguish two features of contract design – prevention and promotion contracts – and compares their effects on opportunism within the distributor–supplier relationship. It also examines the moderating role of ex post contract enforcement strategies.

Methodology/approach: The authors test the proposed theoretical model by collecting matched data from distributors and suppliers in China. Moreover, partial least squares regression is used to analyze the data and test the hypothesis model.

Findings: The results show that a prevention contract leads the distributor to vigilantly avoid mistakes and punishments, thereby deterring him from behaving opportunistically. Alternatively, a promotion contract motivates the distributor to make an effort to attain potential long-run payoffs instead of short-term profits, subsequently restraining his opportunism. Overall, the promotion contract is more effective in curbing distributor opportunism than the prevention contract. In addition, the inhibitory effect of a prevention contract on opportunism is reinforced along with a severe contract enforcement strategy. By contrast, a promotion contract effectively mitigates opportunism with a swift contract enforcement strategy.

Originality/value/contribution: This study untangles two distinctive features of contract design – prevention-framed and promotion-framed contracts – and compares their effects on opportunism management. This study also provides a profound understanding of contract effectiveness by revealing the interaction effect between ex ante contract design and ex post contract enforcement.

Research implications: Researchers are encouraged to explore contract effectiveness from a framing perspective. In particular, ex post contract enforcement strategies should be included in research frameworks related to contract governance. Suggestions for further research on the effects of prevention and promotion contracts on different forms of opportunism are also proposed.

Practical implications: This article provides several insightful implications for managers in designing and enforcing contract in business-to-business marketing. Managers can strategically achieve control and motivation effects by consciously making framing decisions in the contract design, further curbing opportunistic behaviors. Moreover, managers can select a contract enforcement strategy in accordance with the contract type to maximize the effects of the specific contract.