彩票的经济学分析及我国彩票市场主体的取向

本文认为,彩票作为融资手段、理财手段和娱乐方式,可以有效地把社会闲置资金用于福利事业和其他公益事业,可以为日益富裕的人们提供有效的理财工具,为人们提供一种充满爱心的消遣活动,居民购买彩票本质上是个体投机动机驱使下的一种消费行为。文章提出,国家应从积极方面加强监管,减少其负面效应,取消额度控制,大力发展彩票业,因为彩票业不是金融业,政府可以有效调控彩票市场;同时要适度强化居民购买者的“纳税取向”,不仅可以有效规避投机动机的负面效应,对于我国社会经济的长期发展也会发挥积极的作用。     

An empirical study of dynamic customer relationship management

We apply the Gönül and Shi (1998) approach to the analysis of the optimal messaging and pricing policy mix by studying the past transaction patterns between a local supermarket and its consumers. We develop a dynamic customer relationship management model and investigate the relationship between customer utility and purchasing frequency by modifying the return function of the model discussed in Gönül and Shi (1998). In particular, we extend the analysis to consider a messaging and pricing policy mix, and we use a genetic algorithm in our empirical estimation. When applied to some non-seasonal products in a local supermarket, we find that our model is suitable and far superior to the one-stage model commonly used. Our dynamic model gives the optimal marketing mix strategies in different customer states and the results show that the firm could enjoy a 22% increase in profit.     

产品核心竞争力的三大支柱——产品概念 营销观念 价值创新策略

企业对本行业的产品和市场要有整体概念 ,才能形成现代营销新观念。从产品定义、产品规划入手对营销新观念进行介绍和分析 ,结合消费价值、顾客效用和价值创新策略引出了市场与行业的新定义 ,并着重指出创造消费价值对增强产品竞争力的重要性。     

基于EM-NB算法的网络调查缺失数据处理方法

将最大期望值算法(EM)与朴素贝叶斯算法(NB)相结合,提出EM-NB算法来填补网络调查中的缺失数据。对比基于处理后的完备数据集的分类统计结果与基于纸质调查得到的分析结果,结果显示,利用EM-NB算法处理缺失数据后的网络调查问卷与纸质调查问卷可得到一致的调查结果。这表明EM-NB算法是一种有效的处理网络调查中缺失数据的方法。     

Combining the Effects of OLS and Spread on Futures Hedging: Evidence from the Taiwan Stock Index

Abstract:

This study proposes a dynamic hedge ratio, the combined ordinary least squares spread (COLSS), which combines the hedge ratio of ordinary least squares and the value of spread. Using this dynamic ratio for hedging with futures contracts, one can replace spot risk with spread risk. The COLSS captures not only the long-run equilibrium between spot and futures returns, but also the short-run deviation from equilibrium. The spread is forecast by one-period lagged stock market factors and high-order moments that are estimated by an options model. In the in-sample and out-of-sample tests, the COLSS strategy achieves significant risk reduction and outperforms the alternative models by a large utility improvement.     

经济学的理性假设辨析

理性历来是经济学研究秉持的最基本的行为假设,然而自从其概念诞生以来,经济学家们对它的理解与解释却众说纷纭。理性的框架应界定为:利己性、最优化与偏好一致性。对理性假设应该采取秉持实证主义思想,维持理性假设的态度与措施;当理论与现实矛盾时,谨慎地适当地扩展理论模型或环境假设,扩展的底限是维持理性的内在一致性,上限则取决于理论的一般性与现实性的权衡。     

Maxmin expected utility with additivity on unambiguous events

This paper provides a model of beliefs representation in which ambiguity and unambiguity are endogenously distinguished in the maxmin expected utility model of Gilboa and Schmeidler (1989). Specifically, I first extend it by getting a representation of beliefs such that the probabilistic beliefs over each ambiguous event are represented by a nondegenerate interval, while the ones over each unambiguous event are represented by a number. I then suggest a behavioral definition of ambiguity. It provides a choice theoretical foundation for the Knightian distinction between ambiguity and unambiguity.     

公共事业组织伦理制度化与路径分析

公共事业组织的伦理建设，不能仅仅依靠道德自律或道德教化来影响公共事业组织成员的行为选择。日益严重的公共事业组织伦理失范现象表明，传统道德自律或道德教化对公共事业组织成员缺乏控制力。公共事业组织伦理的提升与重建必须通过制度化建设来实现。制度化是公共事业组织伦理建设的重要价值取向。公共事业组织伦理的制度化，应着重从树立正确理念、合理划分层次、构建立法体系、强化监督机制这四层路径来推进。     

基于顾客效用的物流服务水平决策

从顾客的角度出发，以物流服务效用为基础，通过建立企业利润与物流服务水平、物流服务价格的关系模型，分析了物流服务水平与顾客效用的关系，进一步帮助物流企业确定合理的物流服务水平及其相应的价格，最终更好地满足顾客的需求和获得更大的利润。     

The impossibility of compromise: some uniqueness properties of expected utility preferences

Summary. We focus on the following uniqueness property of expected utility preferences: Agreement of two preferences on one interior indifference class implies their equality. We show that, besides expected utility preferences under (objective) risk, this uniqueness property holds for subjective expected utility preferences in Anscombe-Aumann's (partially subjective) and Savage's (fully subjective) settings, while it does not hold for subjective expected utility preferences in settings without rich state spaces. Indeed, when it holds the uniqueness property is even stronger than described above, as it needs only agreement on binary acts. The extension of the uniqueness property to the subjective case is possible because beliefs in the mentioned settings are shown to satisfy an analogous property: If two decision makers agree on a likelihood indifference class, they must have identical beliefs. Received: November 15, 1999; revised version: December 29, 1999