三江平原生态友好水资源管理的思考

针对水资源开发利用中存在的问题,寻求三江平原实现生态友好与人水和谐水资源管理的方法,提出了重新确立三江平原水利工作的方向,探讨排灌结合、排蓄结合的途径,充分利用地表水资源、控制地下水的开采,保证河流生态流量、恢复河流生态廊道,倡导和推广绿色农业、控制水质污染,兼顾湿地生态需水、创造条件实施湿地补水工程的思路。     

“绿水青山”建设时代退耕还湿问题博弈分析

以博弈论为分析工具,以信息的完备性为分断点,基于退耕还湿政策的有效性趋势,分别从委托-代理与讨价还价两种模型对"绿水青山"建设时代退耕还湿主体的策略选择进行讨论,并从无限重复博弈分析中归纳合作的可能性。研究表明:无论从何种机制进行探讨,农户和政府的合作是必然和有效的;从主体角度分析,推进退耕还湿能促进参与主体互利。因此,建议加大补偿弹性与优化惩罚机制并重、工作透明化与补偿多元化相结合、普及湿地潜在价值以让农户更注重长远利益,为退耕还湿推广和实施、湿地恢复和保护提供理论借鉴。     

湖南省湿地资源现状与发展对策

文章介绍了湖南省现有湿地资源,分析了湿地资源的利用现状及存在的问题,并提出了一系列的解决措施。     

环境经济手段在水污染治理中的应用研究——以太湖流域为例

以太湖流域为例，引入环境经济手段中的价格体系，实证分析了上下游地区通过构建生态补偿机制，贯彻“污染者付费”原则，实施“跨行政区合作治理”，从而根本解决水污染的“公地悲剧”，实现区域间环境公平和可持续发展。     

城市湿地的生态功能

城市湿地是城市重要的生态基础设施 ,是城市可持续发展依赖的重要自然系统 ,具有众多的生态及社会服务功能。城市发展过程中的不合理开发往往导致湿地功能的退化 ,为达到城市湿地的可持续利用目的 ,必须采取相应的治理措施。     

湛江红树林湿地价值评估

湛江红树林湿地是国际重要湿地之一。由于缺乏对红树林价值的全面认识,湛江红树林湿地退化严重。本研究应用环境经济学的方法对湛江红树林湿地经济价值进行了全面评估。结果显示,湛江红树林湿地总经济价值为206638.75万元,直接使用价值为12423.89万元,占总经济价值的6%;间接使用价值为152887.11万元,占总经济价值的74%;非使用价值为41327.75万元,占总经济价值的20%。以上结果表明,湛江红树林湿地更大的效益不在于直接使用价值,而在于其对当地巨大的生态支持功能。如果过分强调其直接使用价值,湛江红树林将继续退化,由此而造成的经济损失将无法挽回。     

Primary and secondary values of wetland ecosystems

Wetlands are continuously degraded in many parts of the world. One reason is the lack of the appropriate valuation of the multifunctionality of wetland. In an attempt to improve the understanding of the importance of this feature of wetlands an alternative classification of values is suggested; primary and secondary values. Primary value refers to the development and maintenance of ecosystems — their self-organizing capacity. Secondary values are defined as the outputs, life-support functions and services, generated by wetlands. Methods for measuring these values are discussed. Three case studies are presented which use different valuation methods and which to different degrees capture the primary and secondary values. It is concluded that only part of the total wetland value can be captured in monetary terms.     

基于社区的生态旅游可持续性评价——以江苏盐城丹顶鹤湿地自然保护区为例

本文在运用Ross＆Wall评价模型的基础上，从当地社区、生物多样性和旅游三个方面来评价生态旅游与社区的和谐发展。通过社区居民和利益相关者群体的抽样问卷，请他们参与评价指标的建立和选取，力求评价工作以社区为出发点。由此，建立了基于社区的生态旅游可持续性评价的一套指标体系：文章还运用此评价模型与指标体系，以江苏盐城丹顶鹤湿地自然保护区为例，进行了实证研究，初步证明了评价指标的可行性。     

洪河湿地自然保护区生态旅游资源评价

运用模糊数学的理论与方法,对洪河湿地自然保护区旅游资源进行评价和分析;采用构造矩阵法确定洪河湿地自然保护区各评价指标的权重系数;采用游客调查和专家组判断相结合的方法确定旅游资源评价指标的隶属度,从而建立了洪河湿地自然保护区旅游资源评价的指标体系和模糊评价的数学模型。评价结果为:根据最大隶属度原则,洪河自然保护区总目标层的综合评价值为0.5885,该保护区生态旅游资源开发品质具有一定的开发潜力,此评价为科学决策提供更可靠的依据。     

The origins and functioning of the private wildfowling lease system in a major Mediterranean wetland: the Camargue (Rhone river delta, southern France)

All over the world, the demand for high-quality hunting areas has been growing in recent decades and this trend is expected to continue in the future. In the Camargue (southern France), where there are large wintering populations of ducks, the leasing of privately owned estates for wildfowling is becoming an alternative economic activity that can supplement and even exceed the income from other uses of farmland. In this region, several habitats of conservation concern, including Mediterranean seasonally flooded marshes, are managed for this purpose. However, data on wetland management for shooting and on the status of private shooting clubs in relation to local farming, are scarce. We investigated the characteristics of 42 private wildfowling clubs in the Rhone river delta. Aerial surveys were used to collect the data on land use on these sites. In addition, interviews and questionnaires allowed us to identify habitat management practices undertaken by landowners and hunting managers. We describe the origins and functioning of the private wildfowling club system. A multifactorial analysis and an ascending hierarchical classification distinguished three types of club. We evaluated leasing costs and incomes in the Camargue, their determinants, and some consequences of the leasing system on rural development and the conservation of wetlands.