Managerial Values and Rationality in the UK National Health Service

The reforms of the National Health Service arising from the White Paper Working for Patients , were predicated on a particular view of management and the implementation of the changes heralded by this act relied heavily on the actions of the managers charged with carrying them through. This article reports on work undertaken to discover how middle managers responded to this challenge. The views of middle managers concerning the values that guide their work are explored in the context of managing in the reformed NHS. Data were collected by means of a focused ethnography and analysed thematically. This process was informed, in part, by recourse to Weber's conceptualization of rationality. It was found that managers are struggling to reconcile the demands inherent in their role that arise from contrasting and often competing rationalities, which is a reflection of conflict over priorities in the wider health policy environment.     

Study based on ＂Situational Rationality＂ hypothesis for customer market classification model

The traditional market segmentation was based on ＂transcendental rationality＂ or ＂Situational Rationality＂, studies shows that it had disadvantages. This paper states the ＂Situational＂ integrated rationality hypothesis and then comes up with the market segmenting models and classification algorithm basing on this hypothesis. This algorithm combined the Rough Set theory and Neural Networks in application, which overcome the dilemma that caused complicated network structure and long training time by only using Neural Networks and influenced the classification precision caused by noise disturbance by only using Rough Set methods. Finally, the paper did a comparison experiment between the traditional method and the method we came up, the results shows that the model and algorithm has its advantage on every aspects.     

Natural selection and rational decision: two concepts of optimization

There are two different kinds of optimization: “selection” and “rationality” optimization. Selection optimization characterizes competition in human and nonhuman societies sharing the same market or niche. “Rationality optimization”, on the other hand, characterizes human and nonhuman decision making processes. The two kinds of optimization generate the same result: agents end up behaving efficiently. Nonetheless, we should not downplay the differences between the two kinds of optimization. Otherwise, we would fail to capture the role of rationality in the development of the organism and possibly its implication for evolution.

从经济理性到有限理性:经济学研究理性假设的演变

"经济理性"是经济学的传统研究假设,却因背离现实而受到质疑.基于行为人稀缺的心理资源和系统固有的不确定性而产生的"有限理性"正逐步取代"经济理性"成为经济学研究的理性假设.不同的理性观点可以从决策的视角得到系统地解释和比较.并且,随着理性假设的演变,经济行为的决策标准也相应从单一静态最优向多元动态平衡转变.     

科学合理性的建构与解构

科学到底有无合理性是科学哲学的一个核心问题。从古希腊开始,对科学合理性的探讨与争论经历了几种不同的流派,但都只是对科学合理性的一鳞半爪式的理解。这其中的主要原因是以往的探讨都存在着人为上的对科学合理性的分割理解,将本来共处一个整体的合理性分解为对某一合理性层面的解释,这种还原主义最终导致了合理性地位的动摇。从各个流派对科学合理性的不断建构与消解进程中可以看到,作为科学合理性的一体两面的科学工具理性与价值理性应该是更进一步把握合理性问题的努力方向。     

Non-audit services provided to audit clients,independence of mind and independence in appearance: latest evidence from large UK listed companies

This paper investigates whether the provision of non-audit services (NAS) to audit clients impairs auditor independence of mind and independence in appearance. The main contributions of this paper are in terms of its timeliness with respect to regulatory changes, the simultaneous examination of both forms of auditor independence and the methodological innovation whereby it uses a variable derived from the level of abnormal audit fees as a moderating variable in order to capture the direct impact of the NAS fee level on auditor independence as well as how its influence is moderated by the level of unexpected audit fees. Our results indicate that auditor independence of mind is compromised by the size of NAS fees, particularly for clients who pay below the level of expected audit fee. The stock market perceives that auditor independence is compromised by NAS fees but, at the same time, additional tests indicate that there are benefits that accrue from NAS and, in particular, the relation between return and non-discretionary net income is increasing in NAS fees. The balance of evidence suggests that the European Union is correct in undertaking some reform of the auditing market.     

企业环境技术创新采纳的行为决策研究

分析了环境技术创新采纳的特点,对其研究现状进行了归纳和总结,指出决策的有限理性是现有理论对其解释不足的重要原因。结合传统决策及行为决策理论的发展,以文献研究和调查研究相结合的方法提取主要的理性变量和行为变量,建立了企业环境技术创新采纳的行为决策框架。     

中国投资公司的法律解释

在中国外汇储备急剧增加的情况下,如何实现外汇储备的保值增值便成为了外汇管理工作当中的重要问题。中国投资公司的成立反映了我国外汇储备管理方面由被动到主动,由消极到积极的转变。尽管经济学界对于中国投资公司给予了高度关注,然而法学界却对此鲜有论及。论文拟从法律视角对中国投资公司的成立背景、性质、注册资本金来源等方面进行研究。     

大学生就业心理问题及其引导

本文对大学生在就业上存在的自卑、焦虑、依赖、不平衡、怕吃苦等心理问题作了简要分析,并针对这些心理问题,提出从七个方面做好大学生的就业心理教育工作,引导他们以积极的心态面对择业。     

思维进化算法在估计瞬时单位线参数中的应用

文章结合思维进化算法（Mind Evolutionary Computation,MEC）,采用加权残差绝对值和最小准则对瞬时单位线模型参数进行估计,实例表明使用此方法率定的参数还原的径流过程与实测径流过程拟合优于其他方法。