论GIS在社会经济领域中的运用

地理信息系统是一种新兴的技术工具,它不仅被应用在现代测绘、军事国防、野外数据采集等自然科学方面,而且被广泛应用在社会经济领域中,在管理和决策中具有重要的作用.随着人类获取空间数据能力的不断提高和信息技术的发展,地理信息系统的应用将提升到一个新的深度和广度,它将在国民经济信息化中发挥重要的作用.本文介绍地理信息系统的基本概念及其在经济、管理、法律等领域中的应用实例,着重强调在社会经济领域中开展地理信息系统应用研究的意义.     

Does support from government help firms survive? Evidence on financial and political assistance in China, 1998–2007

ABSTRACT

Using the National Bureau of Statistics data set over the period 1998–2007, this article examines the dual roles of financial assistance and strong political links on firm survival in China by applying a semi-parametric duration model. We find that generally either financial assistance or strong political links had a positive effect on the likelihood of firm survival. Furthermore, if firms received both types of support from government, their survival rate was around two times as high compared to only receiving a single support. The likelihood of survival depended on the amount of assistance a firm received. We also find firm ownership impacts on its survival pattern. Lastly, China joining the World Trade Organisation (WTO) coincided with (cet. par.) higher firm failure, especially with regard to state-owned firms; however, this period also saw the authorities targeting political and financial help on the ‘better’ firms (especially SOEs) with characteristics likely to increase their chance of survival.     

社会资本外部性的经济分析——以信任关系为例

以往理论研究与经验研究均指出社会资本具有正面的效应,但对这种效应是怎样取得的并无共识.我们尝试建立一个不完全信息动态博弈模型,说明社会资本-信任如何产生正的外部性,亦即产生超出个体理性计算之外的利益.我们的分析得出这样的结论,在一个多人互动的环境中,能否达到彼此合作或彼此信任,虽然会受到欺骗者所遭到的惩罚与欺骗利益多少的影响,但主要受到所处环境中具有社会资本者人数比例的影响.因此,可以说社会资本具有正的网络外部性,信任者人数越多,信任者所享受到的利益越大.     

论企业社会责任的多元性

企业在为股东牟利之外，是否还应承担一定的社会责任，一直以来学术界并未形成一致的看法，并形成了反对社会责任论、单一社会责任论和多元社会责任论等三种流派。随着时代的发展，尤其是企业活动对外部社会的影响加剧，企业对利益相关者承担多元社会责任已成为一种客观必然，这不仅是外部社会对企业的要求，也是企业自身实现可持续发展的要求。但是，要求企业承担多元社会责任并不意味着要企业办社会或无限制地承担责任。     

社会和谐发展环境下的企业社会责任

企业社会责任是企业、社会、政府三方相互制衡机制下,各相关利益主体间关系的重构.它的演进层次与实现过程依赖于社会经济的发展水平,是新的经济发展形态下"理性经济人"在面临"社会公众"的约束之下所做出的最优选择行动,它既是企业实现其经营目标的必要条件,也是当前我们构建和谐社会的关键.     

中国城市农民工社会资本现状分析及解决途径

我国城市农民工处于城市边缘地带，社会资本占有贫乏。造成这种状况既有制度原因、城市居民的价值观念原因，亦有农民工自身的原因。我们应改变制度，改变城市居民价值观念，提高农民工综合素质，加快发展经济和加快城市化建设以增加城市农民工的补偿资本。     

社会资本与妇女农民工就业

在妇女农民工从农业到非农业的职业流动过程中,社会资本是影响其流动决策的重要变量之一,对其就业发挥了不可替代的作用.但由于所拥有的社会资本量极其有限等重要因素的影响,妇女农民工基本上都属于"非正规就业",地位低下.改变这种状况的根本办法之一就是采取多种措施有效增加其社会资本的积累.     

How to reform China’s fiscal system?

ABSTRACT

As the population aging, China’s government expenditures, including general fiscal expenditure, healthcare and social security expenditure, will grow more rapidly than government revenues, tending to elevate government debt. Local governments undertake overwhelming 85% of total general fiscal revenue and are responsible for healthcare and social security, and their debt has been growing. Fiscal reforms are imperative, including tax reforms, the structure of government spending reforms, social security reforms, healthcare reforms, local public finance reforms, and central and local government’s fiscal relationship reforms. This paper will explore the fiscal challenges China faces and discuss how to reform the fiscal system to cope with these challenges.     

Why Punish? Social reciprocity and the enforcement of prosocial norms

Recently economists have become interested in why people who face social dilemmas in the experimental lab use the seemingly incredible threat of punishment to deter free riding. Three theories with evolutionary microfoundations have been developed to explain punishment. We survey these theories and use behavioral data from surveys and experiments to show that the theory called social reciprocity in which people punish norm violators indiscriminately explains punishment best.JEL Classification: C91, C92, D64, H41 Correspondence to: Jeffrey P. CarpenterWe thank Carolyn Craven, Corinna Noelke and two referees for comments, and Middlebury College for financial assistance. In addition, Carpenter acknowledges the support of the National Science Foundation (SES-CAREER 0092953).     

计算机辅助审计:基本思路与方法--一个基于《通用审计软件》的证券公司计算机辅助审计案例

计算机辅助审计是当前各级政府审计机关提高审计效率、实现审计现代化的主攻方向。文章提供一个计算机辅助审计实例,旨在梳理计算机辅助审计的基本思路和方法,分析总结可借鉴参考的启示和体会,共同促进计算机审计水平的提高。