企业固定资产管理中如何实现信息化管理模式的思考

近年来,随着现代化发展水平的不断提升以及科学技术的进步,我国企业固定资产的信息化管理水平日益提升,企业固定资产管理工作的成效明显。论文重点阐述了企业固定资产管理中如何实现信息化管理模式。     

“一带一路”倡议能否抑制实体企业“脱实向虚”

实体经济"脱实向虚"的行为对经济高质量发展形成了严重阻碍。以"一带一路"倡议的提出为准自然实验，运用双重差分法考察"一带一路"倡议对企业"脱实向虚"行为的影响及作用路径。研究发现，"一带一路"倡议的实施显著降低了企业金融化行为，即"一带一路"倡议抑制了企业"脱实向虚"，在进行一系列稳健性检验后，上述结论仍然成立。作用机制研究表明，"一带一路"倡议不仅通过缓解企业的融资约束降低企业"脱实向虚"行为，还能通过提升企业实体利润率降低企业"脱实向虚"行为。进一步研究发现，"一带一路"倡议能够显著提升企业金融资产收益。异质性研究发现，"一带一路"倡议显著降低了国有企业和民营企业的"脱实向虚"行为，而对外资及其他企业的影响不显著。     

Focusing on the big picture while observing the concerns of both managers and passengers in the post-covid era

This study reveals how to improve and define the issues of service quality in the airline sector after the outbreak of COVID-19, to what extent customer needs (important issues) and expectations (expected performances) will differ, and the priorities of airline sector managers in terms of resource allocation, costs, planned strategies, and operational efficiency and effectiveness. It offers a systematic and interactive perspective by simultaneously providing the perspective of both airline managers and passengers by using a new hybrid method, namely Fuzzy Importance, Expected Performance, and Priority Analysis (FIEPA) with VIKOR. This method allows the use of different perspectives of different managers in the analysis, which can be prioritized with different weights. According to the results of the study, in which 449 passengers participated on Twitter, the attributes on which airline managers should focus were determined, having three distinctive characteristics of being important for customers, having high priority according managers, and having low expected performance according customers. Twenty-two attributes related to the service quality of airlines during outbreak periods were classified into three main dimensions as “social distance and hygiene during flight”, “information awareness and concern”, and “infection alert procedure”.     

产权结构与制度环境降低交易成本的机理研究*

产权能否降低交易成本与产权可分性下的不同产权结构与制度环境的适应性水平密切相关。以此为基本思路，本文以产权的可分性为切入点，对产权结构和制度环境进行了类型划分，并深入探究了产权结构、制度环境、交易成本间适应性下运行的一般机理。由此说明，产权结构、制度环境的优化均可降低交易成本，产权结构与制度环境的匹配度越高，交易成本降低越多。政府失灵型等六种产权结构类型与负国家环境水平指数型等六种制度环境类型的具体匹配，可以更好地探究出产权结构与制度环境深度匹配降低交易成本的路径。     

Existence,uniqueness, and stability of optimal payoffs of eligible assets

In a capital adequacy framework, risk measures are used to determine the minimal amount of capital that a financial institution has to raise and invest in a portfolio of prespecified eligible assets in order to pass a given capital adequacy test. From a capital efficiency perspective, it is important to be able to do so at the lowest possible cost and to identify the corresponding portfolios, or, equivalently, their payoffs. We study the existence and uniqueness of such optimal payoffs as well as their behavior under a perturbation or an approximation of the underlying capital position. This behavior is naturally linked to the continuity properties of the set‐valued map that associates to each capital position the corresponding set of optimal eligible payoffs. Upper continuity can be ensured under fairly natural assumptions. Lower continuity is typically less easy to establish. While it is always satisfied in a polyhedral setting, it generally fails otherwise, even when the reference risk measure is convex. However, lower continuity can often be established for eligible payoffs that are close to being optimal. Besides capital adequacy, our results have a variety of natural applications to pricing, hedging, and capital allocation problems.     

论破产约定条款的效力认定规则

破产约定条款的效力认定是当事人意思自治与破产法目标实现之间矛盾关系的冲突点。破产解除条款与《民法典》第580条第2款中的违约方解除合同规则具有功能上的一致性，为避免合同僵局，尊重当事人意思自治，原则上应认定有效，只有管理人确认继续履行合同符合程序条件和实质标准时，才否定其效力。而破产变更条款会实质性阻碍破产法目标的实现，原则上应认定无效，只有在符合概括式豁免规则时，才认定有效。概括式豁免规则可参考英国破产法中的公允对价理论、瑕疵资产理论或善意的商业安排理论等设计。以破产解除条款与破产变更条款为一般模式，明晰破产约定条款的效力认定规则，是优化营商环境、推进“办理破产”便利化的有效举措。     

智慧公路建设中数据资产的确认与运用

新一代信息技术与传统交通运输业深度融合已势不可挡,其中,数据及数据资产作为一种特殊的经济资源是二者融合的基础和前提,是公路经营企业核心竞争力的源泉.如何确认数据资产并将数据资产运用于智慧公路建设中,国内外尚缺乏共识,也是目前公路经营企业面临的一个难题.在阐述数据资产的概念及特征基础上,重点分析数据资产的确认和计量,并从运用前提、运用目标和运用定位3个维度探讨数据资产在智慧公路建设中的运用.     

Should More Internally Generated Intangible Assets Be Recognized? A Commentary

This study analyzes whether financial statements should recognize more internally generated intangible assets with particular reference to China. This issue is significant because of the increasing importance of the ‘new economy’ and R&D investment, including in China. We present the current accounting requirements for intangible assets and illustrate that the failure to recognize internally generated intangible assets leads to a high ratio of unrecognized value to market capitalization, known as the asset light phenomenon among firms. We discuss and compare international and Chinese views supporting and opposing the recognition of more internally generated intangible assets. We identify and analyze the major issues in general, and in China particularly, that standard setters and their stakeholders have to consider if more internally generated intangible assets are recognized. We focus on areas of recognition, initial and subsequent measurement, and user reaction. We find that the most critical issues are the separability and measurability of internally generated intangible assets. Based on the issues identified, we discuss initiatives on non-financial disclosure in relation to unrecognized intangible assets and firms’ value creation. The study elucidates the consequences of current accounting standards on internally generated intangible assets and, by identifying the critical issues, contributes to the debate on whether it is best to adopt recognition of internally generated intangible assets or a disclosure-only approach.     

排污权交易对企业劳动力需求的影响及路径研究——基于中国碳排放权交易试点的准自然实验检验

中国高质量发展面临环境和就业双重压力，有必要深入研究环境规制对就业的影响。基于中国实施碳排放权交易试点这一准自然实验，采用倾向得分匹配和双重差分法估计碳排放权交易对受规制企业劳动力需求的影响及其可能路径，分析表明：碳排放权交易显著减少了工业碳的排放量，并对企业劳动力需求具有显著正向影响，促进生产规模扩大是碳排放权交易正向影响企业劳动力需求的有效路径之一。排污权交易可以实现环境和就业的“双重红利”。因此，政府应积极推进市场型环境规制的实施和推广，并不断完善市场机制，通过市场型环境规制的有效执行实现“改善环境”和“促进就业”的双重目标。