A Test of Two Skew Models to Explain Cooperative Breeding

Synopsis Two competing models, reproductive skew and skew selection, have been constructed to explain the evolution of cooperation among unrelated breeders. Reproductive skew is a trade-off model that assumes breeding occurs under scarce resource conditions. One breeder gains units of fecundity at the expense of other breeders during aggressive, altruistic or tug-of-war transactions. After joining, the distribution of fecundity among breeders shifts from symmetrical to asymmetrical. In contrast, skew selection is a surplus model that assumes breeding occurs during a springtime glut. Skew selection assumes that fecundity among breeders is initially asymmetrical and that joining reduces the asymmetry of fecundity. This paper reports findings from a breeding experiment on the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, which supported skew selection rather than reproductive skew. Joining was a win-win strategy for alpha and beta breeders; beta breeders gained within-group survival benefits; alpha breeders gained between-group survival benefits. In summary, skew selection extends Darwin’s theory of natural selection by revealing the self-interested core of cooperative breeding.      

污染场地现场调查与监测模式研究

污染场地调查与监测是场地环境管理、风险评估与修复治理的重要环节。文章介绍了国内外污染场地调查评估的阶段划分与勘察技术,分析了国内场地调查工作模式以及环境监测工作程序,提出了现有的常用监测技术,并总结了目前国内污染场地勘察与监测的研究现状。     

Top management team social capital,exploration-based innovation,and exploitation-based innovation in SMEs

Despite increasing interest in ambidextrous innovations, mainstream literature has excluded discussions on developing and combining exploratory innovation (ERI) and exploitative innovation (EII) in the small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) sector. This issue from the SME perspective is worth addressing. Recent studies have conceptually argued the importance of the top management team (TMT) in managing ambidextrous innovations. Building on this argument, we explore how the top manager external social relationships foster ambidextrous innovations and whether internal social relationships among senior executives can be used to integrate such innovations. The results show that (a) distinct external managerial relationships cause differential innovations for SMEs, and (b) internal social capital among top managers could be used effectively to manage ambidextrous innovations. This research indicates that SMEs engaging in both high ERI and EII perform better when they focus on the balancing benefits of TMT internal social capital and the bridging benefits of TMT external social capital.     

Organizational and competitive influences of exploration and exploitation activities in small firms

This study explores organizational and competitive factors affecting exploration/exploitation activities in SMEs by examining the role of entrepreneurial orientation (EO), market orientation (MO) and perceived competitive intensity. We test the relationships among these variables using data collected from 55 manufacturing SMEs operating in the southern part of U. S. The findings provide a strong support for a positive association between EO, MO and exploration/exploitation activities. Perceived competitive intensity was only a significant moderator for the relationship between MO and the degree of exploratory activities. Our findings, hence, suggest the significant role organizational predictors play in enhancing exploration/exploitation activities in SMEs. Implications for research and practice are discussed.     

对东非地区油气资源形势的认识与思考

东非地区油气资源丰富,潜力巨大但整体勘探程度低。近年来,该地区不断有重大油气发现,勘探活动增加,东非国家也加快了油气对外合作的步伐,制定外资鼓励政策,加快基础设施建设。我国应加强对东非地区油气地质综合研究力度,完善油气投资评价标准和风险管控机制,投资领域兼顾上下游一体化发展,采取多种合作形式,加大对东非地区的油气投资合作力度,将该地区建成我国新的重要境外油气合作区和进口来源地。     

When hubs forget,lie, and play favorites: Interpersonal network structure,information distortion,and organizational learning

The interpersonal network structure of an organization directly influences the diffusion and recombination of ideas and can thus facilitate or impede organizational learning. Most interpersonal networks have ‘hubs’—individuals who have significantly more connections than does the average member. This raises important questions about how hubs influence organizational learning outcomes. Does the presence of hubs improve or impair performance? What happens if hubs forget or misrepresent information that is transmitted through the network? Using simulation models, we find that moderately hubby networks outperform both very hubby and democratic networks. We also find that moderate amounts of information omission or misrepresentation can be surprisingly beneficial to performance, though the patterns of their effects are strikingly different. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

我国湿地生态旅游资源保护与开发利用研究

湿地生态旅游资源保护是湿地生态旅游资源开发和生态旅游业可持续发展的需要；我国湿地生态旅游资源丰富，类型多样，分布面积广大，几乎涵盖了我国所有的自然地理区域，造就了我国湿地生态旅游资源的多样性；由于过去长期不合理的开发利用，致使我国湿地生态旅游资源遭到了严重的破坏，本文根据我国湿地生态旅游资源的现状和特点，指出了我国湿地生态旅游资源开发中存在的问题，提出了我国湿地生态旅游资源开发利用对策，以实现我国湿地生态旅游资源的可持续发展。     

海岛产业发展及布局的国际案例及借鉴——以长岛县为例

论文从分析长岛县海岛产业的发展现状入手。然后,分析了全球海洋产业的发展趋势-"四高"倾向以及产业结构调整、港口经济迅速发展等。最后,通过分析国内外海岛产业发展的成功经验,提出了长岛县开发的几点有益借鉴,包括:1)渔业要向品牌、高效、生态方向发展,完善渔业法规条例以及制定发展计划;2)发展特色工业,重点发展海洋水产加工业;3)实施旅游精品战略以及改善交通条件和规划旅游地产开发;4)政府要重视海岛开发前后角色转变,制定科学规划以及平衡开发与保护。     

实施人才资源开发策略提升企业核心竞争力

随着知识经济全球化时代的到来,人才资源成为第一资源和核心竞争力。本文就人才资源的开发策略进行研究探讨,对职业生涯管理、知识管理、组织文化、学习组织等具体开发战略进行剖析,为企业提高人才配置效率和核心竞争力提供支持。     

The Dilemmas of Technology: A Review Article

During the 1990s, all of the European transition economies (TE) experienced a major recession and suffered from the explosion of income inequality. However, distribution of income between labor and capital differed greatly from one group of post-communist countries to another. The paper discusses and analyzes linkages between models of capitalism that emerged in former communist countries in the 1990s and the outcome of capitalist transition for labor in terms of income distribution and inequality. It is based on the estimates of the Marxian rate of exploitation and other indicators of labor income performance during the reform period.