Female Presence on Corporate Boards: A Multi-Country Study of Environmental Context

A growing body of ethics research investigates gender diversity and governance on corporate boards, at individual and firm levels, in single country studies. In this study, we explore the environmental context of female representation on corporate boards of directors, using data from 43 countries. We suggest that women’s representation on corporate boards may be shaped by the larger environment, including the social, political and economic structures of individual countries. We use logit regression to conduct our analysis. Our results indicate that countries with higher representation of women on boards are more likely to have women in senior management and more equal ratios of male to female pay. However, we find that countries with a longer tradition of women’s political representation are less likely to have high levels of female board representation.     

The Development of Female Global Managers: The Role of Mentoring and Networking

This paper explores the role of mentoring and networking in the career development of global female managers. The paper is based on data collected from interviews with 50 senior female managers. The voices of the female managers illustrate some of the difficulties associated with informal organisational processes, in particular mentoring and networking, which hinder their career development. The findings confirm that female managers can miss out on global appointments because they lack mentors, role models, sponsorship, or access to appropriate networks – all of which are commonly available to their male counterparts. The interviewees suggest that men, as the dominant group, may want to maintain their dominance by excluding women from the informal interactions of mentoring and networking. The findings further suggest that if females had more access to networks and mentors they could be socialised in both the formal and informal norms of the organisation and gain career advantages from these. The managers reveal that they encounter additional barriers in ‹a man’s world’ and remind us that there is still much to be changed.     

追求、困惑与历史宿命--对丁玲延安时期文学创作的再思考

丁玲延安时期的文学创作,始终艰难地徘徊在革命情意结和“五四”情意结、革命者和女性知识者之间。作家试图寻找出一条既不背离自我艺术个性又顺乎时代要求的创作之路,其间有寸喜的收获,也有苦涩的教训,其创作道路和作品文本所呈现出的矛盾性、复杂性与多样性,集中体现了在20世纪中国文化与文学的现代化进程中,革命知识者的追求、困惑和历史宿命以及他们在被纳入新的文化、政治秩序时与新体制之间的碰撞、抵牾并最终融入的复杂过程,这对于我们反思中国革命知识分子的人生历程、深入认识20世纪中国文化、文学思潮的变革与转型,无疑具有重要的价值与意义。     

对普通高校女大学生体育课堂运动积极性的分析

通过对5所高校女大学生对体育课的教学形式、学习动机和态度等的问卷调查,研究表明目前女大学生对体育课积极性不高、运动兴趣不浓。高校体育教学应帮助女大学生树立正确的学习目的、激发其运动兴趣,根据其身心特点选择教学内容,传授保健知识,以提高其身体素质和运动能力。     

饭店营销策略中的女性元素

饭店业的竞争日益加剧。饭店之间为了争取更多的客源目标,能够在激烈的市场竞争中取胜,各种营销策略层出不穷。利用女性元素进行营销就是其中的一种策略。文章在总结相关文献研究的基础上,对饭店营销策略中的女性元素进行了分析,并提出了一些想法和建议,认为从内部方面饭店应关注女性、提供满意的服务与设施配置,举办各种女性热衷的活动,创建女性组织;从外部方面饭店应利用旅行社平台、媒体推广、网络促销等手段进行女性营销。     

政治联系方式与民营企业捐赠:度量方法与经验证据

选择公益性捐赠视角,手工搜集了中国资本市场民营上市公司的政治联系数据。将政治联系区分为政府官员类政治联系和代表委员类政治联系两类,在虚拟变量法的基础上拓宽了政治联系的度量方法,进行适当的赋值,并同时采纳"赋值法"和"虚拟变量法",实证检验了民营企业的政治联系方式对其捐赠行为的影响。研究结果表明:无论采取"赋值法"还是"虚拟变量法",民营上市公司的代表委员类政治联系对捐赠金额存在显著的、正向的影响,但政府官员类政治联系对其捐赠金额无显著影响;此外,"赋值法"和"虚拟变量法"的统计显著性虽然一致,但是经济显著性却存在差异,赋值法能够更好地勾勒不同的政治联系层级对捐赠金额的影响,且拟合较优。     

MUTUAL HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS AS FACILITATORS AND/OR BARRIERS TOWARDS THE SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF NHIS IN GHANA

There are many constraints to implementing comprehensive health insurance in the context of Sub‐Saharan Africa. Mutual health organizations are under pressure to resolve the inadequacies, accordingly. The objective of this study is to explore the extent to which the mutual health organizations constitute facilitators and/or barriers to the successful implementation of the health insurance scheme nationwide. Data were gathered through interviews and review of literature. The findings of the empirical data were analyzed using theories of health seeking behaviour and reflexive communities. The findings of the paper suggest that the mutual health organizations are beneficial to their communities as they have broadened the understanding of the community members, regarding what the concept of health insurance was in Ghana, a country where it was a relatively new concept in public health financing and delivery. However, the paper also observes that the mutual health organizations are facing problems that are likely to affect sustainability overtime under a national health insurance scheme. Therefore, the need for continuous public education to sustain the enthusiasm among community members is recommended.     

山东农村女性教育收益实证研究

实证研究表明,现阶段山东农村女性受教育年限与经济收入二者间呈非线性关系;影响女性收入的主要变量是多种经营收入而非教育投入;女性教育收益普遍低于男性;经济发达及职业选择多元化地区的女性教育收益高于经济欠发达地区的女性;农村公益性技术培训及农村女性劳动力市场化程度等外界因素影响了教育收益规律的常规作用.     

如何把握国有企业党组织党员队伍建设的基本要求

国有企业党组织党员队伍建设得当,能够为企业的发展建设注入更多活力,推动企业朝着更好的方向发展,使得企业上下团结一心,有效地解决企业生产经营活动中所面临的矛盾与纠纷。那么,在当前复杂的经济环境下,国有企业究竟应当如何做好党员队伍建设工作,把握好党员队伍建设的基本要求呢?论文对相关问题进行详细分析和论述。     

当代女大学生成就动机的现状、成因及其对策

本文指出当代女大学生追求成功的动机低于男性,并探讨了原因所在:性别刻板印象、男权话语及女性成功的双重标准造成女大学生角色冲突.为了改变这些状况,我们必须进行深刻的社会启蒙,使全社会走出性别刻板印象的误区;呼唤女大学生正确对待自己的性别角色,树立女性主体意识.