Estimating the impact of trade specialization and trade policy on poverty in developing countries

This paper investigates the impact of trade specialization on poverty. The empirical findings show that in developing countries manufacturing exports contribute to poverty reduction. But agricultural exports have a more significant effect on poverty in low-income countries. The analysis also confirms that trade specialization reduces poverty but under specific trade specialization patterns and policy conditions.     

PPP模式在成都市保障性住房中的应用

为了从根本上解决成都市中低收入居民的居住问题,成都市政府近年来采取了多种措施试图对商品房地产市场进行有效调控,缓解政府部门公益性建设项目的融资压力,实现居者有其屋的目的。PPP(Public-Private-Partnership)模式是近年来广泛应用于基础设施建设融资领域的一种新型融资模式,本文对政府部门和私营企业双方在成都市保障性住房建设中应用PPP模式的可行性及政府部门与私营企业合作融资建设的可行方式进行了分析,提出了应用中可能存在的问题并给出了相应建议,结果认为将PPP模式应用于保障性住房融资可以达到公与私双赢,且有助于完善保障性住房制度。     

湖南省农村家庭与全国农村家庭消费结构比较分析

从人均消费支出、平均消费倾向与边际消费倾向、消费需求弹性等方面比较分析湖南省与全国农村家庭消费水平与消费结构,结果显示,湖南省农村家庭人均生活消费支出高于全国农村家庭消费水平;二者的消费需求项目的侧重点基本一致,基本需求项目的边际消费倾向最大,而较高层次的需求项目还处于较低水平。湖南农村家庭的消费更受到了其收入增长水平缓慢的制约。建议开辟农村家庭创收渠道、改善农村消费环境、完善农村各项保障制度等以优化湖南省农村家庭消费结构。     

我国保障性住房管理现状与完善

目前,我国保障性住房供应规模不断扩大,保障品种不断创,保障对象不断多样化,需要各地改革完善保障性住房管理体制,在供应管理上需要注意保障群体的多元化、多层次特点,在需求管理上也要不断调整保障住房进入和退出的限制条件。重庆市保障性住房管理缺乏必要的法律支撑,管理机构尚不健全,机构力量薄弱,机构职能需要进一步完善;保障性住房供应方式单一,且租金标准与中低收入者期望存在差距;保障对象扩大化影响到保障政策的公平性,准入和审核方式需进一步完善,退出监管困难。应尽快出台住房保障相关法律法规,完善政府管理机构职能,建立分工明确、层级清晰的保障性住房管理体制;采取多元化供应方式,根据住房经济支付能力确定租金,以实现科学合理的保障性住房供应;合理确定保障范围,严把进入关,实施有效的退出管理,以严格保障性住房需求管理。     

浅谈绩效考核

绩效考评是实现企业目标的重要手段,在实施中应制订完善的绩效考评管理规定,从人力资源系统管理的整体角度看待绩效考评,合理使用三种类型的考评并保证考评方案的顺畅实施。     

Subsistence consumption and natural resource depletion: Can resource-rich low-income countries realize sustainable consumption paths?

This contribution is concerned with efficient use of a resource if households are characterized by Stone–Geary preferences with a minimum subsistence level of consumption. Subsistence consumption implies particular minimum requirements for initial endowments with reproducible man-made capital and resources. If these are not met, the economy is not able to cover subsistence consumption such as nutrition. Focusing on the steady state, we find that the equilibrium can be governed by zero or positive growth. The latter occurs if the rate of exogenous technical change exceeds the rate of time preference. In the former case, we can show that Hartwick’s investment rule applies in a steady state. Finally, we calibrate the model for developing but resource-rich countries and trace the full dynamic development of the economy. Furthermore, we evaluate this full adjustment process regarding several sustainability indicators.     

论物价上涨对城镇低收入群体的影响

物价上涨通常会对低收入群体产生更大的负面影响。其中，食品类价格上涨对低收入群体生活的影响最大，资源性产品价格上涨对低收入群体生活影响也相对较大。物价上涨给低收入群体带来直接后果是降低了其生活质量，其次还会造成社会的不稳定。可以通过采取稳定物价预期，提高最低工资标准，加大社会补贴和完善社会保障体系，拓宽就业渠道与增加就业岗位等政策措施，来缓解物价上涨对城镇低收入群体的影响。     

高校家庭经济困难学生认定工作中存在的问题及对策

高校家庭经济困难学生认定工作是高校各项资助工作的重要依据与基础。本文提出了高校家庭经济困难学生认定中存在的问题,并对其进行分析、提出建议与对策。     

Wasted Positive Intentions: The Role of Affection and Abundance on Household Food Waste

This qualitative study, grounded theory oriented, identifies familial affection and preference for abundance as major drivers of wasted food in lower-middle income American families. These positive intentions provide an improved understanding of household food waste, a problem with high environmental impact and moral implications. Based on empirical data collected with twenty caregivers via in-depth interviews, observations, and analysis of photos, this study provides novel explanations, such as on how stockpiling comfort foods in abundance – a form of both boosting positive self-emotions and showing affection for kids – can promote more wasted food. Other antecedents identified include multiplicity of choices, convenience, procrastination and unplanned routines. In sum, this research identifies a negative outcome of affection and food abundance in the family context, while providing a theoretically relevant general framework to help understand the food waste phenomenon. Authors suggest increasing the awareness of nutritional gatekeepers through behavioral economics principles.     

Household Income, Termination Risk and Mortgage Pricing

The premium embedded in home mortgage loans to compensate investors for their exposure to prepayment risk is a significant component of the cost of home mortgage lending. Moreover, there is some reason to believe that prepayment risk may be lower for loans to lower-income housing borrowers, especially those that are first-time home owners. If so, investor recognition of this advantage should facilitate greater willingness to acquire portfolios of lower-income housing loans, and encourage more competitive pricing in this segment of the market. This study investigates the possibility of differential mortgage prepayment behavior between lower-income home owners and non-low income home owners. The investigation relies on samples of the American Housing Survey spanning ten years of experience from 1985 to 1995. We find no significant difference between the termination or refinancing behavior of non-low income and low-income households. This result is robust to a number of alternative specifications such as restricting the low-income test group to non-moving households and to first-time owners. The same conclusions are derived from both aggregate prepayment rates and from analysis of individual household prepayment behavior.