香港公共房屋制度的成功经验及其启示

住房是人类一项最基本的生存需要.解决城市中低收入居民的住房问题是建设和谐社会的主要组成部分.近年来,随着内地商品房价格的快速上涨,发展经济适用房和廉租房制度,解决我国内地中低收入居民的住房问题日益迫切.本文分析了香港公共房屋制度的成功之处,并从资金、管理,以及公共房屋资源的合理分配等几方面探讨了其对内地的启示.     

How culture matters in children’s purchase influence: a multi-level investigation

Children’s purchase influence (CPI) is an important factor in understanding family consumption behavior. The present study investigated the effects of cultural adaptation, including the role of acculturation and ethnic-identification, on children’s role in family purchase decisions. By conceiving of CPI as a family context-dependent phenomenon, we hypothesized that parent–child cultural dissonance/consonance within the family influences CPI through a cross-level process. The hypotheses were tested on data collected from 99 Hong Kong Chinese immigrant family triads, i.e., father, mother, and a teenage child. The results showed that: (1) acculturation positively and ethnic-identification negatively influenced CPI for most products, (2) the interaction between acculturation and ethnic-identification had a positive influence on CPI, and (3) generational dissonance/consonance had significant moderating effects on CPI through a cross-level route.     

The determinants of access to health care and medicines in India

This article explores the issue of demand for health care and medicines in India where household share of total health expenditure is one of the highest among high- and low-income countries. Previous work found that important determinants include health status, socio-demographics, income and demand for care was inelastic. Compared with previous studies, this article uses large household data sets including data on medicine expenditure to explore health-seeking behaviour. Count models find that determinants include health status, socio-demographic information, health insurance, household expenditure and government regulation. Elasticities range from ?0.13 to 0.03 and are generally consistent with literature findings. For inpatient care, conditional on having at least one hospitalization, the expected number of hospitalizations increases with being male and household expenditure. Medicine expenditure accounts for a large share of household health expenditure. Low-income individuals could experience problems and raises important policy implications on the demand and supply side to improve access to health care and medicines for patients in India.     

农村三代家庭中子女外出务工对老年人经济支持的影响研究

劳动力外流在积极推动农村经济发展的同时也给老年人的家庭养老带来了极大的挑战.本文利用深圳市外来农村流动人口调查数据,从子女角度分析了中国农村子女外出务工三代家庭中老年人的经济支持.结果显示:首先,农村老年人与其外出务工子女三代家庭的代际支持符合合作群体模型:经济支持主要由子女流向老年父母,最有需要的老年父母获得更多的经济支持;众多老年父母给留守未成年孙子女提供了同住和生活照料帮助,老年父母也因此获得了更多的经济支持.其次,外出务工子女的城市化程度并没有影响其提供的经济支持.最后,文章指出了研究结果对完善农村养老保障制度和促进剩余劳动力外流的启示.     

Quantifying the effects of product family decisions on material selection: A process-based costing approach

Product designers must continually assess trade-offs among various performance attributes and cost. Materials choice can play an important role in that decision-making process. Product platforms are used to meet the demand for increased product variety, while also managing costs. Because of their interdependent effects, it is possible that platforming strategies may alter preferred material choice. This paper examines the interrelationship of these early stage design choices through the application of process-based cost modeling.A case study is detailed concerning two alternative material options for an automotive instrument panel beam: a die-cast magnesium design and a conventional design (i.e., discrete stamped steel components) which allows for more component sharing than the integrated magnesium design. The effects of component sharing on product family costs are analyzed. It is shown that the magnesium design is less competitive in platformed scenarios.     

美国社会保障制度的困境及其社会影响——以20世纪为中心

美国的社会保障制度发挥了保护器、安全阀和调节器的作用,并且成为现代美国资本主义制度重要的有机组成部分。但是,它却面临着财政危机、工作伦理危机和家庭危机等困境,随着人口结构的老龄化,老年危机也成为与之相关的重大社会问题。     

提高农村低收入者生活保障水平的调查与思考

农村低保工作是一项面广量大的系统工程.鉴于我国居民储蓄率普遍偏高的国情,结合农村低保对象家庭收入支出的特点,建议以家庭人均支出计算贫困线,以家庭人均年收入指标为标准采界定低保对象.在救助标准上,首先应遵循低标准,广覆盖的原则,既能充分发挥保障救助资源的效益,也体现出社会公平与公正.其次.救助标准要符合低保制度的功能定位.第三,保障标准要有层次性和差别性,根据救助对象的特征和需求的不同,实行分类设保,标准有别.     

Estimating the impact of trade specialization and trade policy on poverty in developing countries

This paper investigates the impact of trade specialization on poverty. The empirical findings show that in developing countries manufacturing exports contribute to poverty reduction. But agricultural exports have a more significant effect on poverty in low-income countries. The analysis also confirms that trade specialization reduces poverty but under specific trade specialization patterns and policy conditions.     

PPP模式在成都市保障性住房中的应用

为了从根本上解决成都市中低收入居民的居住问题,成都市政府近年来采取了多种措施试图对商品房地产市场进行有效调控,缓解政府部门公益性建设项目的融资压力,实现居者有其屋的目的。PPP(Public-Private-Partnership)模式是近年来广泛应用于基础设施建设融资领域的一种新型融资模式,本文对政府部门和私营企业双方在成都市保障性住房建设中应用PPP模式的可行性及政府部门与私营企业合作融资建设的可行方式进行了分析,提出了应用中可能存在的问题并给出了相应建议,结果认为将PPP模式应用于保障性住房融资可以达到公与私双赢,且有助于完善保障性住房制度。