Analysis of ruin measures for the classical compound Poisson risk model with dependence

In this paper, we consider an extension to the classical compound Poisson risk model. Historically, it has been assumed that the claim amounts and claim inter-arrival times are independent. In this contribution, a dependence structure between the claim amount and the interclaim time is introduced through a Farlie–Gumbel–Morgenstern copula. In this framework, we derive the integro-differential equation and the Laplace transform (LT) of the Gerber–Shiu discounted penalty function. An explicit expression for the LT of the discounted value of a general function of the deficit at ruin is obtained for claim amounts having an exponential distribution.     

The effect of career breaks on the working lives of women

In this paper we examine the effect of career breaks on the working lives of women using survey data from the state of Queensland in Australia. After estimating the income penalty faced by women with career interruptions – according to the duration of, and reasons for, the interruptions – we seek to address a wider set of issues regarding: patterns of job change and income gains or losses related to job change; determinants of career re-entry plans; and satisfaction with hours worked. As women increasingly combine motherhood and employment, they face both penalties and costs, particularly if they have taken a career break in order to care for their young. This general labor market failure that penalizes motherhood should be addressed by relevant measures related to their income, working hours, and the type and status of employment, particularly on their re-entry into employment after a child-related career break.     

GUARANTEED MINIMUM WITHDRAWAL BENEFIT IN VARIABLE ANNUITIES

We develop a singular stochastic control model for pricing variable annuities with the guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefit. This benefit promises to return the entire initial investment, with withdrawals spread over the term of the contract, irrespective of the market performance of the underlying asset portfolio. A contractual withdrawal rate is set and no penalty is imposed when the policyholder chooses to withdraw at or below this rate. Subject to a penalty fee, the policyholder is allowed to withdraw at a rate higher than the contractual withdrawal rate or surrender the policy instantaneously. We explore the optimal withdrawal strategy adopted by the rational policyholder that maximizes the expected discounted value of the cash flows generated from holding this variable annuity policy. An efficient finite difference algorithm using the penalty approximation approach is proposed for solving the singular stochastic control model. Optimal withdrawal policies of the holders of the variable annuities with the guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefit are explored. We also construct discrete pricing formulation that models withdrawals on discrete dates. Our numerical tests show that the solution values from the discrete model converge to those of the continuous model.     

论现行死缓制度与清代死刑监候之不同

死缓制度作为新中国的一种独创,历来是学界讨论的一个焦点。在以往的研究中,有的学者认为明清的朝审和秋审是现行死缓制度的萌芽形式,也有的误将二者等量齐观。然而,在大量占有材料的基础上,经比较分析,我们便会发现它们本质的不同。     

篮球运动员罚球心理训练研究

罚球对于现代篮球竞赛的胜负有着极其重要的意义。通过对罚球时出现的心理问题进行分析,认为影响罚球的主要心理问题是：焦虑紧张情绪的控制能力弱;注意力不集中;产生不适宜的兴奋,并针对罚球出现的主要心里问题提出罚球心理训练的方法主要有：模拟训练法、意念训练法、注意力训练法、自信心训练法和呼吸调整法。     

多小区OFDMA系统基于改进PSA的资源分配算法

针对载波、功率资源分配问题,考虑本小区对其它小区的干扰情况,提出了一种应用于多 小区正交频分多址复用（OFDMA）系统中的改进罚函数模拟退火(PSA)算法。该问题模型是在 传输速率和性能 一定的条件下,最小化传输功率。该算法是一种随机寻优算法,是一种能将局部搜索扩展为 全局搜索的启发式算法。仿真结果表明,改进算法简化了问题模型,可以在不影响系统性能 的情况下减少运算时间。基于模拟退火算法的离散功率的取值具有随机性,但是整体规律性 仍很明显,且能够获得较高的单位功率吞吐量。     

汽车运输中的超载问题及相关对策

随着我国公路建设不断发展,汽车作为实惠而又便捷的运输工具,被越来越多的用于运输货物。由于道路乱收费不合理导致的运输成本增大以及对超载危害性认识不够等因素,造成目前汽车运输中因为超载而引发的道路安全事故越来越频繁地见诸报端,并成为近年来汽车运输过程中交通事故频发的重要诱因。必须重新认识汽车运输途中的超载问题,并采取针对性相关对策。     

On the Pricing of Contingent Claims with Frictions

This paper studies the problem of pricing contingent claims in a market which has frictions in the form of costs, such as penalty functions corresponding to constraints. An arbitrage-free interval is identified, and a fair price based upon utility functions is proposed. It provides a framework to study incomplete markets that is simplier than the one related to constraints on portfolios introduced by Karatzas and Kou.     

海关行政处罚中“漏缴税款”之法律解释学研究

“漏缴税款”是海关行政处罚中较有争议的一个的问题,对该词的不同理解,会导致海关行政处罚结果的天壤之别.通过法律解释学中文义解释、逻辑解释、目的解释、系统解释四种主要解释方法对该词进行分析,可发现“漏缴税款”的字面含义为“税款有流失”,不包括“税款可能流失”的风险,且其他法律、行政法规对“漏缴税款”（漏税）均以“税款有流失”为认定标准,海关“涉税”违法行为处罚条款的设定也是以确保海关正常履行征税职责为目的,故海关行政处罚中的“漏缴税款”应理解为“税款实际流失”.