Conflict management and innovation performance: An integrated contingency perspective

In recent years, many of the basic assumptions underlying organizational conflict research have changed, drawing into question the validity of some previous research findings. Operating from the perspective that conflict is complex, multidimensional, and context specific, this research takes a fresh look at key conflict antecedents, mediators, and consequences in the context of the innovation process. The study investigates the relationships among five behavioral conflict-handling strategies, destructive and constructive conflict, and innovation performance as perceived by 290 R & D and marketing department managers. Empirical results both support and question some of the previous findings in conflict research. The results indicate that integrating, accommodating, compromising, forcing, and avoiding conflict-handling strategies can have different impacts on constructive and destructive conflict in an innovation context. Kelly Hewett (kelly_hewett@moore.sc.edu) is in the Department of Marketing at the Moore School of Business, University of South Carolina. Her research focuses on the management of relationships between buyers and sellers, as well as between headquarters and foreign subsidiaries in managing the marketing function globally. Her research has been published in theJournal of Marketing, the Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, and theJournal of International Business Studies, among others. R. Bruce Money (moneyb@byu.edu) is the Donald Staheli Fellow and an associate professor of marketing and international business in the Marriott School of Management, Brigham Young University. His articles have been published in journals such as theJournal of Marketing, theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, theJournal of International Business Studies, andSloan Management Review. His research interests include the international aspects of national culture’s measurement and effects, business-to-business marketing, word-of-mouth promo-tion, services marketing, and negotiation. Subhash Sharma (sharma@moore.sc.edu) is the James F. Kane Professor of Business in the Moore School of Business, University of South Carolina. Professor Sharma’s research interests include marketing strategy, structural equation modeling, data mining, customer relationship management, e-commerce, the marketing-operations interface, and global marketing strategies. He has published numerous articles in these areas in leading academic journals such as theJournal of Marketing Research, theJournal of Marketing, Marketing Science, theJournal of Retailing, theJournal of Operations Management, theInternational Journal of Research in Marketing, andManagement Science. Professor Sharma has also authored two textbooks:Applied Multivariate Techniques (John Wiley, 1996) andScaling Procedures: Issues and Applications (with Richard G. Netemeyer and William O. Bearden, Sage, 2003). Professor Sharma was a member of the editorial boards of theJournal of Marketing Research and theJournal of Marketing and currently serves on the editorial review board of theJournal of Retailing.     

用户需求的发展趋势对产品设计的启示

“以人为本”的设计理念包含绿色设计、人性化设计、个性化设计三大设计趋势,必须与合理的产品结构及功能相协调,一个好的设计应当在用户需求和理性设计中找到平衡点。     

Materialism, status signaling, and product satisfaction

The consumer satisfaction literature has not, for the mos part, integrated individual values into the product evaluation process. Yet a comprehensive understanding of consumer satisfaction can best be attained by including both consumer and product factors. To demonstrate the usefulness of including individual values, this research focuses on one consumer value, namely, materialism. The authors empirically explore how this individual value is linked to consumers’ evaluations of products they have purchased. Using surveys, the authors collected data from a sample of college students (n=211) and a sample of adults (n=270). Across these two studies, using divergent samples and products, they find consistent evidence that materialism is negatively related to product satisfaction in product categories with high potential for status signaling, but unrelated to product satisfaction in product categories with lower potential for status signaling. The consumption goals that produce these product evaluations are empirically addressed Jeff Wang (jianfeng76@yahoo.com; PhD, City University of Hong Kong) is an assistant professor of marketing in the Faculty of Business at the City University of Hong Kong. This work was conducted when he was a doctoral student of marketing in the Eller College of Management at the University of Arizona. His research interests include social networks and consumer behavior, consumer satisfaction and well-being, materialism and consumption meanings, and consumer interests and public policy issues. His dissertation studies credit card debt as a socially embedded phenomenon and investigates how consumers leverage their interpersonal ties as they accumulate and repay their debt. Melanie Wallendorf (mwallendorf@eller.arizona.edu) is Soldwedel Professor of Marketing in the Eller College of Management at the University of Arizona. She holds an MS in sociology and a PhD in marketing from the University of Pittsburgh. Her articles on the sociocultural aspects of consumption have been published in theJournal of Consumer Research, Journal of Marketing Research, Advertising and Society Review, Addiction, Journal of Macromarketing, andAmerican Behavioral Scientist, among others. Her coauthored article on “The Sacred and Profane in Consumer Behavior” won theJournal of Consumer Research Best Article Award in 1992. Her research has been featured in theWall Street Journal, The Washington Post, The New York Times, American Demographics, andFortune, and has been funded by the Marketing Science Institute, the Arizona Disease Control Research Commission, and the Office of Earth Science at NASA.     

农村义务教育财政投入的经济学分析

劳动力素质低下是农村经济贫困的重要根源,要改变农村“知识贫困”的面貌,必须从农村义务教育抓起,而教育投入问题始终是我国农村基础教育发展中的主要制约因素。本文用现代公共财政论对农村基础教育这一社会服务化产品进行了公共财政定位,针对现行农村义务教育体制存在的问题进行了剖析,最后得出结论:农村义务教育主要是政府的责任,应当由政府财政支出作为保证。只有采取措施,完善政策,切实强化中央及地方各级财政的支持和投入力度,中国农村基础教育才会改变目前的弱势状况,出现蓬勃发展的新局面。     

美中高技术产品贸易逆差的特点与原因分析

美国高技术产品对华贸易存在逆差,其中,信息通讯、光电技术、生物技术、核技术、武器和高新材料对华存在贸易逆差,生命科学、电子电机、柔性制造、航空技术产品对华存在贸易顺差.美中高技术产品贸易逆差的原因主要是高技术产业的转移、美国对华出口管制、美国跨国公司对华投资和经营的增多、贸易统计方法不合理、对美国贸易总逆差的影响小等.     

基于产品生命周期的高新技术企业融资模式研究

针对高新技术企业在不同生命周期阶段的风险特征及传统融资模式的不足，应采取以高新技术项目为核心、以政府基金为基础、以风险投资为动力、以资本市场为源泉的四元融资模式。该模式不仅适应高新技术企业多产品生产的融资需要，而且可实现多种融资渠道之间的互动。     

知识产品生产机制探析

知识产品的原创生产分为前后两个阶段:隐性知识的创造和隐性知识的脑外物化表达,其在运行上呈现出一种精神变物质-物质还原为精神的随机循环往复、彼此互动的机制。虽然单个知识产品的生产具有不确定性,其投入与产出之间是一种随机概率关系,但就知识产品社会再生产的连续过程来看,则表现为一种不规则的梯级增长。与此相适应,知识产品生产具有边际成本递减和边际收益递增机制。除此之外,知识产品的生产还具有创造性、个体性和路径依赖性三个突出的特点。     

高校品牌竞争优势及其法则

学校品牌竞争的目标是社会满意最大化,品牌忠诚最大化。高校的教育服务产品面临学生的就学市场、社会人才市场的选择和竞争,高等教育产品的市场竞争类型是垄断竞争市场。要确认本校的竞争优势并选择相对竞争优势,采取定位准确的品牌市场竞争法则,制订并实施学校、专业、课程营销组合策略。     

纳斯达克100指数跟踪股的产品与运作解析

本文深入分析了Nasdaq100指数跟踪股(简称QQQ)这只美国著名的交易所交易基金(ETFs)的产品设计、基本特征、组织架构及其双重交易模式和由此而生的独特的套利机制,总结了Nasdaq100指数跟踪股的独到的金融创新之处,为理解和借鉴国外ETFs的产品创新和成功运作的经验提供了一个有益的帮助。     

电子商务下我国农产品物流模式的研究

农产品物流是现代物流的重要组成部分,在国民经济中举足轻重.后WTO过渡期,农产品物流却成为了社会发展的瓶颈.对电子商务下农产品物流模式的探讨,将有助于解决"三农"问题,解决农业生产结构与市场需求的矛盾,增加农民收入,提高我国农产品的国际竞争力,实现我国农业现代化.