产业结构视角下地方政府竞争对绿色经济效率的影响

在理论机理分析的基础上,基于2004—2016年中国249个地级及以上城市的面板数据,采用系统广义矩估计方法和中介效应模型,实证分析了地方政府竞争对绿色经济效率的影响。结论如下:整体来看,地方政府绝对竞争与相对竞争不仅可以直接抑制绿色经济效率的提升,还会通过引致产业结构的工业化抑制绿色经济效率的提升,就总效应而言,地方政府绝对竞争与相对竞争仍抑制了绿色经济效率的提升,稳健性检验支持以上观点;分地区、城市规模看,东部、中部、西部和中等城市、小城市地方政府绝对竞争与相对竞争均能通过引致产业结构的工业化来抑制绿色经济效率的提升,大城市地方政府绝对竞争与相对竞争未能通过引致产业结构的工业化来抑制绿色经济效率的提升。     

战略导向、创新能力禀赋与国际化研发强度__基于我国上市公司数据的分析

从影响我国企业研发国际化战略的内生性要素出发,分析了其当前战略中市场导向性和技术导向性与国际化研发强度之间的关系,并从资源角度探讨了企业创新能力禀赋的中介传导作用。在此基础上,以商务部境外投资企业目录中建有海外研发机构的254家上市公司为样本,应用泊松回归对理论分析进行了检验。结果表明:对于存在显著国际化研发战略意图的我国企业来说,其当前战略的市场导向性对国际化研发强度具有显著的抑制作用,而战略的技术导向性对国际化研发具有显著的激发作用;创新能力禀赋对国际化研发强度具有显著正向影响,并且在战略的技术导向性影响国际化研发过程中具有部分中介传导作用。因此,顺应经济高质量发展的时代需要,树立创新为本的战略导向,构建创新发展理念和创新文化传承,强化创新资源和能力的持续积累是我国企业推进国际化研发战略的重要手段。     

城市水系再生与修复方式探索——以青岛中德生态园公园城市建设规划为例

“城市双修”包括生态修复和城市修补,其中水系生态修复是生态修复中的关键因素。同时,“公园城市”理念提出构筑山水林田湖城生命共同体的生态观,强调生态基底塑造是公园城市建设与发展的前提和基础。论文以青岛中德生态园公园城市建设为例,探讨在“城市双修”与“公园城市”两种理念导向下水系再生与修复的方式,通过实施水系连通工程和河道修复、冲沟修复工程,构建生态保护修复系统格局,为公园体系规划提供生态支撑。     

PD-201加氢反应器腐蚀原因分析及修复

通过现场拍摄的PD-201加氢反应器腐蚀照片,依据氢腐蚀及孔蚀的原理,探讨了加氢反应器腐蚀原因,提出并实施了修复方案,修复后的PD-201加氢反应器运行1年,未发现修复处有异常腐蚀。     

加强生态建设和环境保护 实现人与自然的和谐

加强生态建设和环境保护,实现人与自然的和谐,是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要内容。本文通过对唐山市生态建设和环境保护现状的分析,提出了如何加强生态建设和环境保护的一些建议。     

绿色物流——物流业发展的当务之急

在我国社会主义市场经济提倡大生产大市场大消费,并建立与之相适应的现代物流的同时,创建我国的现代绿色物流,提倡高效节能、绿色环保,不仅是必要的,也是迫切的。这意味着未来的物流业将有一场激烈的竞争。我国物流业加紧发展绿色物流,是应对未来挑战和在竞争中占得先机的重要机遇。本文主要探讨作为经济活动的一部分,物流活动同样面临严峻的环境问题,倡导绿色物流成为物流业发展的当务之急。     

中国高新技术产业开发区的综合评论

从1991至2001年,中国共建立了53个国家级高新技术产业开发区,在过去的十几年里,高新区的建设在数量和质量方面都取得了显著成就。进区高新企业数目、总收入、总产出、职工人数、出口额、上缴利税额、科研人员数和科研投入都有巨大增长;同时,生产率、国内和国际竞争力以及知识技术密集度也大幅提高。由此,综合评价高新技术产业开发区显得尤为重要。数据包络分析方法被用来对中国全部53个国家级高新技术产业开发区发展现状进行综合评价,针对生产非有效的高新区,通过投影分析提供了改进方向。     

The estimation of long term impacts of China's key priority forestry programs on rural household incomes

We use a large unique household panel dataset spanning 16 years to estimate the impacts of three Key Priority Forestry Programs (the KPFPs) in China on household incomes. The programs are the most significant of China's forest policies namely the Sloping Land Conversion Program (the SLCP), the Natural Forest Protection Program (the NFPP), and the Desertification Combating Program around Beijing and Tianjin (the DCBT). A fixed effect model with clustered standard errors is used to identify programs’ impacts based on variation in participation across households and time. In addition to estimating the total impacts of these programs, individually and in combination, we disaggregate the effects by income source, stage of policy implementation, and duration of participation. Overall, the impacts of the KPFPs on rural households’ income vary with time of enrollment and policy stage. We observe that the KPFPs in their initial stages of implementation, and for the early years of household participation, had negative, or at best neutral impacts on household incomes, in particular incomes from land. However, the later stages of the SLCP and the DCBT have tended to raise land-based incomes, and the NFPP has ceased to have a negative effect. This is likely to be in part the result of adjustments made by rural households over time in response to changes in the programs, as well as in market and environmental conditions.     

Destination fascination: Conceptualization and scale development

This study developed a Destination Fascination Scale (DFS) based on the attention restoration theory. Through the multi-study method, this study performed a literature review to sort five DFS dimensions. Then, 13 in-depth interviews are conducted, resulting in 209 statements, which later be narrowed down into 30 items under six dimensions. In study two, 470 survey responses from national parks are collected. Twenty-five items in six dimensions emerged in exploratory factor analysis. In study three, 473 survey responses from national forest recreation areas are collected for testing confirmatory factor analysis, resulting the final 24-item DFS. Tests of criterion-related validity showed that the six dimensions were significantly related to destination loyalty. In study four, cross-validation analysis was performed using 240 survey responses from theme parks to test model stability and model extension of the developed six-dimensional 24-item DFS.     

Funding ecological restoration policy in practice—patterns of short-termism and regional biases

With continuous degradation of ecosystems combined with the recognition of human dependence on functioning ecosystems, global interest in ecological restoration (ER) has intensified. From being merely a nature conservation measure, it is today advanced as a way to improve ecosystem functions, mitigate biodiversity loss and climate change, as well as renew human–nature relationships. However, ER is a contested and diversified term used in research, policy and practice. Substantive public funding is allocated towards this end worldwide, but little is known about its concrete purpose and coverage, as well as what decides its allocation. With inspiration from environmental funding literature we analyze the case of Sweden to provide the first national overview of public ER funding. The understudied political context of ER is thus addressed but also regional variation in funding allocation. A database of all national government funding programs between 1995 and 2011 that included projects and sub-programs aiming at practical ER measures was created. Results show that ER activities counted for 11% (130 million USD) of the total government nature conservation funding. Water environments were highly prioritized, which can be explained by economic and recreational motives behind ER. The ER funding was unevenly distributed geographically, not related to either environmental need or population size, but rather to regional administrative capacity. It was also found to be small scale and short term, and hence part of a general trend of “project proliferation’’ of public administration which runs contrary to ecosystem based management. As ER is not yet a long-term investment in Sweden, commonly seen as an environmental lead state, we expect even less and more short-term ER funding in other countries.