美国是“负责任”的实力下降霸权吗?——兼论中国必须掌握国际关系理论研究的话语权

随着美国的可持续发展能力和经济总量的相对下降,巨大的军费开支、难以缩小的财政赤字、自我变革能力的弱化阻碍着其重新振兴,其政府的国内治理能力下降。相应地,美国的软实力不断下降和所主张的发展模式对其他国家的吸引力也在减弱。从中长期来看,美国实力的相对下降已是一个客观趋势。作为世界唯一霸权,处在实力下行过程中的美国是否是一个负责任的国家,这是一个关系到全局的问题。更重要的是,在西方国际关系理论的主导下,理论框架和议题设置完全由西方决定,这类问题往往被遮蔽掉了。处在国力上升中的中国,在国际关系理论中如不能设置自己的议题,而只顺着西方设置的议题研究,将无法有效维护自己的国家利益,也难以争取国际秩序变革中的主动权。     

How anticipated pride and guilt influence green consumption in the Middle East: The moderating role of environmental consciousness

This research empirically tests the combined effect of anticipated pride, anticipated guilt, and environmental consciousness in parallel to the Theory of Planned Behavior's main components on green purchase intention. For the first time, it also explores the interaction of environmental consciousness, anticipated pride, anticipated guilt, and attitude, respectively, on green purchase intention. Analysis of 304 responses collected from consumers in the United Arab Emirates revealed that environmental consciousness, attitude towards green products, anticipated pride, and anticipated guilt positively influence the intention to purchase green products, but not perceived behavioral control and subjective norms. Interestingly, anticipated pride increases green purchase intention under low level of environmental consciousness, while anticipated guilt decreases purchase intention. In contrast, anticipated guilt positively influences green purchase intention under high environmental consciousness, while anticipated pride does not. This study extends current knowledge related to green purchase behavior and provides a nuanced understanding of the influence of anticipated emotions. It also provides practical implications for marketers in the Middle East to formulate effective strategies to stimulate green products consumption.     

Unveiling ways to reach organic purchase: Green perceived value,perceived knowledge,attitude, subjective norm,and trust

This paper aims to investigate organic food consumption based on the perspectives of an extended research model by integrating the theory of consumption value (TCV) and the theory of reasoned action (TRA). First, we tried to find out how five consumption values of functional, social, emotional, conditional, and epistemic in classic TCV influence consumption choice especially in the sustainable consumption domain of organic food, interpreted as green perceived value (GPV) in the reflective-reflective second-order latent. Second, as an attempt to extend the classic TRA, this study included trust and perceived knowledge in the research model in addition to the subjective norm, attitude, and behavioral intention. A partial least square structural equation method (PLS-SEM) was adopted to examine our research model with 251 samples. Our results revealed that GPV significantly affects consumer attitudes. Consumer attitudes and subjective norms also have a significantly positive effect on purchase intention. As an extended TRA, GPV has a significantly positive effect on trust while trust significantly impacts purchase intention. Further, perceived knowledge positively influences attitude and trust. By jointly considering TCV and TRA, this study proposes several implications emphasizing how GPV and perceived knowledge affects consumers’ organic food consumption choice based on the role of increased trust.     

中国卷烟行业竞争态势分析

我国卷烟企业长期存在生产规模小、分布范围散、销售区域性强等的特点,卷烟行业始终处于一种"优不胜、劣不汰"的低水平均衡。本文从博弈的角度解释了这种现象的产生原因,并分析了我国卷烟行业的市场竞争类型,提出建立寡头垄断市场是重组卷烟企业的目标。     

再论意定代理权授予之无因性

德国法基于商事实践中的“经理人”制度,以概念法学的方法构造了代理权授予之无因性理论。在民事一般代理领域,授权是基础关系的具体履行,二者在存续、效力和权限方面紧密关联,授权行为之无因性所意图解决之善意第三人保护问题可借助表见理论。《民法总则》未采该理论,授权行为属于委托合同之履行,但可进一步明确可有效授权予限制行为能力人。该理论内涵之一“代理权授予之独立性”却在商事代理领域取得了成功,包括公司代理机关、经理人,然并无必要将选任代理人的行为解释为单方行为而非合同。我国法可借鉴这一理论：　确立公司代表权之概括性、不可限制性;第三人简单知情代表权违反内部限制的并不当然等于“恶意”。     

保护规范理论的引入抑或误用——刘广明诉张家港市人民政府行政复议案再检讨

刘广明案引入保护规范理论,为原告资格的利害关系判断标准提供了新思路,但也反映出最高人民法院对保护规范理论的适用前提和作用范围仍不明确。在利害关系的判断层次中,保护规范理论用于查明主观公权利以排除反射利益,而不用于确定被诉行政行为对既存权益的侵害可能性;前者关注私益保护指向的规范解释,后者关注因果关系确定性与紧迫性的事实判断。当起诉人诉请保护的合法权益已获得法律规范或司法实践的承认,则保护规范理论无适用必要。     

数字赋能企业商业生态系统跃迁升级的机理及路径研究

数字技术应用融合叠加商业模式创新催生商业生态新业态,实现跃迁升级。本文结合扎根理论与模糊集定性比较分析(FsQCA)方法,阐释数字赋能企业商业生态系统跃迁升级的机理,探究多重组态路径。从生态视角揭示了数字资源通过与传统要素资源融合释放数据价值,并驱动形成价值循环体系、实现价值共创、塑造商业群落,最终实现企业商业生态系统跃迁升级。基于FsQCA的多组态分析发现,数字赋能企业商业生态系统跃迁升级历经两个阶段分别为价值共创和商业群落生成。其中,价值共创实现有两条组态路径,即产品创新与要素融合相组合,技术融合同低产品创新、低数据资产相组合,且产品创新构成了价值共创的核心条件。商业群落生成的组态路径表现出以下特征：价值共创和价值链接协同下分别和网络组织、数据赋能相组合,网络组织和数据赋能互为替代,即在一方缺失时,分别与价值共创或价值链接组合实现商业群落构建。本研究为企业商业生态系统的结构与功能持续优化,实现数字商业生态资源的充分共享及最优利用,提供了关键方法和思路。     

投资者非理性假设下公司金融决策前沿理论评述

随着行为金融理论的逐步发展,市场错误定价的稳定存在已经得到越来越多学者的认可。本文对行为公司金融理论中投资者非理性范式下的前沿理论进行了综述,从投资和融资决策两个方面分析了面对错误时的外部市场定价行为,以及理性的财务决策者如何利用这种市场无效率来为长期股东获利,或迎合非理性投资者预期来实现自己的短期目标。     

Chinese dietary culture influences consumers' intention to use imported soy‐based dietary supplements: an application of the theory of planned behaviour

The over‐saturated dietary supplement (DS) market in developed countries such as the US spurs the need for foreign market expansion, and the Chinese market provides a great potential for the foreign soy‐based DS industry. This study examined Chinese consumers' intention to use imported (US‐made US‐brand) soy‐based DS based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Two alternative models were also examined in which Chinese dietary culture variables, including soyfoods favourability and dining‐out sociability, as well as their interactions with attitudes, were integrated into the TPB model. A cross‐sectional, self‐administered survey was conducted with a sample of 215 subjects (137 females; 78 males) in Shanghai, China. The TPB variables attitude, subjective norm, perceived behaviour control and behavioural intention, as well as the Chinese dietary culture variables: soyfoods favourability and dine‐out sociability were measured. Multiple linear regressions were used to analyze the three models. The statistical results indicated that all three models were statistically significant to predict intention (Model 1: R² = 0.473, P < 0.001; Model 2: R² = 0.505, P < 0.001; Model 3: R² = 0.525, P < 0.001). The results also showed that attitude, perceived behavioural control, and dine‐out sociability were significant (positive) determinants of intention. Soyfoods favourability acted a significant (negative) moderator of the relationship between attitude and intention. Subjective norm had no significant impact on intention. In conclusion, the TPB model was useful to predict Chinese consumers' intention to use imported soy‐based DS, but not all the TPB components weighed significantly in exploring DS consumption in China. The selected Chinese dietary culture variables were much more important predictors than subjective norm. This study makes a significant contribution in the application of the TPB model and in market strategy development for imported dietary supplements in China.     

“双因素”理论在现代企业人力资源管理中的运用

"双因素"理论在人力资源管理领域具有广阔的使用空间,能有效的激励员工,提高企业的管理效率;利用保健因素如公正公平的工资和津贴,改善工作环境,营造平等和谐的人际关系等将有利于激发员工的工作积极性,但其激励作用是有限的,更重要的是强化员工内在激励,即工作丰富化,给与员工成长机会,组织内部竞争环境等,为员工发展提供良好的平台以及发展空间;运用"双因素"理论时,应该充分了解员工的心理需求,并采用多样化的激励方式,正确区分保健因素和激励因素,防止激励因素转化成保健因素,建立保健和激励因素并重的人员激励制度。