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81.
82.
Trajectories in human domination of ecosystems: Human appropriation of net primary production in the Philippines during the 20th century 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Thomas Kastner 《Ecological Economics》2009,69(2):260-269
The “human appropriation of net primary production” (HANPP) has been suggested as a comprehensive indicator to measure impacts of human land use on ecosystems. It accounts for (a) human-induced changes in biological productivity and (b) biomass harvest. This study presents an analysis of aboveground HANPP in the Philippines between 1910 and 2003, a period characterized by massive deforestation and increases in land use intensity and biomass extraction. Results show a steep increase of aboveground HANPP from just below 35% of potential productivity in 1910 to slightly above 60% in 1970 and constant values since then. Large-scale changes in land cover and agricultural practices were the main direct determinants of this trajectory in HANPP. Remarkably, HANPP grew at much slower pace than population did: While the amount of NPP appropriated by humans doubled throughout the period, population increased by a factor ten. Increasing efficiency in terms of biomass extraction per unit of area, relying on ever-increasing inputs, and changes in the nation's physical biomass trade balance were of major importance for this difference in growth rates. In the coming decades, the Philippines will have to face the challenge to meet increases in biomass demand without putting even higher strains on the ecosystems. 相似文献
83.
关于“十五”计划的几个问题 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
吴树青 《经济理论与经济管理》2001,(5):5-10
《国民经济和社会发展第十个五年计划纲要》准确反映了党的十五届五中全会提出的大政方针、发展目标、重大任务和主要政策措施,充分体现了国家战略意图,是我国国民经济和社会发展的行动纲领。 相似文献
84.
85.
Dutch glasshouse firms are facing the introduction of a system of tradable CO2 emission quotas. This paper employs a non‐parametric method for modelling tradable CO2 emissions of Dutch glasshouse firms. The method is capable of generating shifts in CO2 emissions across the sample of firms. Moreover, changes in volumes of outputs produced and inputs used are computed. Results show that firms using a conventional heating technology will be net purchasers of CO2 emissions, whereas firms using more advanced heating technologies will sell part of their emission quota. 相似文献
86.
刘德妍 《南京财经大学学报》2000,(5)
本文分析了高效的组织绩效对组织决策的理性要求及这种理性要求的现实可行性 ,指出由于人类的理性有限及组织决策依赖于决策的制定者和实施者 ,所以组织决策也有其理性限制 ,要求完全理性的决策是不现实的。并在分析的基础上提出 ,可以通过扩大组织决策的理性边界及其可实现性来提高组织绩效。最后 ,对员工参与决策的实现提出了可操作性的建议。 相似文献
87.
Ohjin Kwon Darlene Walsh Hakkyun Kim 《Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences / Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l\u0027Administration》2019,36(3):295-305
Across four experiments, and focusing on consumer behaviour in a high uncertainty market (i.e., a used car market), this research shows that prior to a purchase, buyers are less motivated to search for information when they purchase a product from a friend (compared to someone they do not know). We also show that buyers are more willing to search for information after a transaction when sellers are their friends, a reversal in search behaviour due to the greater social risk that buyers bear when dealing with a friend. Finally, this research shows that both the transaction outcome (i.e., positive versus negative) and the buyer–seller relationship determine the degree to which people are satisfied or dissatisfied with a seller. Copyright © 2018 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
88.
We introduce a new preference structure—age‐dependent increasing risk aversion (IRA)—in a three‐period overlapping generations model with borrowing constraints, and examine the behavior of equity premium in this framework. We find that IRA preferences generate results that are more consistent with U.S. data for the equity premium, level of savings and portfolio shares, without assuming unreasonable levels of risk aversion. We find that the relative difference between the two risk aversions (how much more risk‐averse old agents are relative to the middle‐aged) matters more than the average risk aversion in the economy (how much more risk‐averse both cohorts are). Our findings are robust with respect to a number of model generalizations. 相似文献
89.
以河谷汉江公路大桥斜拉桥主桥部分作为依托工程,针对其零号块空间受力问题,采用有限元软件midas FEA建立零号块有限元模型并进行相应分析.以施工过程中成桥运营阶段最大弯矩工况、最大剪力工况以及施工阶段最大双悬臂工况为控制计算工况,分析3种工况下零号块最不利内力情况.研究表明,在现有的设计条件下,结构受力可满足规范要求,相应的设计细节可为类似的工程提供借鉴. 相似文献
90.
Pavlos Petroulas 《European Economic Review》2007,51(6):1468-1491
In this paper the recent effect of the European Monetary Union on inward FDI-flows is examined using a difference-in-differences approach. The estimated results show that the introduction of the euro raised inward FDI flows by approximately 16% within the euro area, by approximately 11% to non-members and weakly by around 8% from non-member countries into the euro area. Moreover, the geographical effects of the euro are explored. The results show partial agglomeration tendencies for the euro area. There are also some indications of increased importance of vertical specialization in the sample. 相似文献