Industrial firms' new product strategies

This research examines the impact of the firm's product innovation strategy on performance results. A total of 19 strategy dimensions were uncovered, which capture the specific elements of firms innovation strategies. Three dimensions of performance, independent of each other, were also identified and were found to be closely linked to the strategy adopted. For a high-impact new product program, an aggressive strategy emphasizing sophisticated technologies, heavy R&D spending, and a focused program was found appropriate. In contrast, a conservative strategy featuring avoidance of new markets and new product classes and a close synergy with the firm's technological resources resulted in a high success rate program. Finally, a high overall performance was the outcome of a balanced strategy: technologically aggressive, market oriented, and synergistic.     

Liquidity,exchange listing,and common stock performance

The liquidity of securities—the relationship between volume of trading and changes in market price—has won increasing recognition as an element of investment strategy in recent years. Relatively high liquidity is deemed to be a desirable characteristic of a stock, especially for the institutional investor, who typically trades in large volume. Thus, firms can generally be expected to seek means of enhancing the liquidity of their shares. One of the supposed means of accomplishing this is by listing one's stock on a national securities exchange. This paper examines the relationship of common stock liquidity to both exchange listing and price behavior during major up and down movements in the market. Our conceptual and empirical analyses indicate that liquidity is linked to price behavior; and we suggest that the view held by at least some corporate officers—that exchange listing increases liquidity—may be erroneous. More specifically, it appears that when the amount of firm capitalization is taken into account, exchange listing does not result in greater stock liquidity.     

The death of firms: exploring the effects of environment and birth cohort on firm survival in Sweden

This paper investigates the death of firms and seizes a long-term perspective. It investigates the life spans of nearly 2,200 firms in seven birth cohorts of Swedish joint-stock companies, founded during seven separate years between 1899 and 1950. Research has traditionally emphasized individual- and micro-oriented factors in explaining post-entry performance, or has often focused on the influence of firm-specific structural factors (firm age and size). A less attended field recognizes environmental forces. This paper focuses on the interaction between the micro and macro levels, and combines structural and environmental factors. Employing a cohort approach, it relates firm survival to firm age and size, as well as to the effect of cohort affiliation and environmental change over time (period effects). During macroeconomic expansion, the risk of death decreases. Cohort effects are also evident. Firms founded during times of economic crisis exhibit lower survival rates. Consequently, cohort affiliation and environmental forces, i.e. period effects, can explain differences in death rates in different firm populations.

基于《电子商务发展“十一五”规划》的电商发展新动向展望

日前,我国首部《电子商务发展"十一五"规划》出台,这是我国电子商务发展的最高指导性文件,本文从解读《电子商务发展"十一五"规划》入手,以当前我国电子商务发展态势为现实基础,以《电子商务发展"十一五"规划》为理论依据,从微观角度对未来我国电子商务发展方向作出试探性展望。     

Ethical choices in the design and administration of executive compensation programs

Within the past few years, executives have come under increased scrutiny and criticism for the levels of compensation they receive. At the same time, corporate practices surrounding the design and review of executive compensation programs have received increased attention. While some recent executive misconduct has involved violations of the law, many academics and other corporate critics view the issues involving executive compensation more from an ethical than a legal perspective. Several dimensions of the executive compensation decision process offer significant opportunities for ethical choices. This article identifies the major components of executive compensation and highlights decision points in the design and administration of each component where ethical issues may arise. Proposals to reduce the potential for ethical misconduct are also offered.     

跨国公司投资与流通产业管制

本文依据跨国公司在华流通领域投资逐步膨胀有可能产生局部垄断的现实,首先从理论上讨论了流通产业是否存在自然垄断,以及跨国公司在华投资形成自然垄断的可能性等问题;继之,在分析跨国公司投资于流通产业所表征的性质规定的基础上,结合我国的实际,探讨了投资环境之于跨国公司战略选择的路径依赖,并据此刻画了由投资环境和战略目标共同决定的跨国公司投资决策的抽象函数;最后,围绕要不要对流通产业实施管制问题,文章依据外资商业在我国流通产业中有可能出现自然垄断的现实,就政府是否有必要对流通产业实行适当的管制提出了几点看法.     

我国企业开展B2B电子商务面临的问题与对策

本文首先介绍了B2B电子商务的涵义及竞争优势,其次在分析我国企业参与B2B电子商务现状的基础上,从培育网上市场、发展B2B中介服务网站和完善电子商务环境三个方面探讨我国企业开展B2B 电子商务面临的问题与对策。     

贸易与环境问题的研究现状与启示

贸易与环境是当今国际经济学的热点问题。通过对贸易与环境问题有关文献的研读和整理后,本文依次对贸易自由化对环境的影响、环境因素反作用于贸易的问题、跨国污染的有关问题和贸易与环境的协调问题进行了综述和评价。     

Response rates in international mail surveys: Results of a 22-country study

Researchers embarking on their first international mail survey find very little guidance in the present academic literature. In 1988, two articles were published in the fall issue of the Journal of International Business Studies that claimed that: “at the moment the crossnational researcher has very little evidence upon which to base his judgments about [mail] survey design” [Jobber and Saunders (1988) An experimental investigation into cross-national mail survey response rates, Journal of International Business Studies19, 488] and “Literature concerned with response rates from industrial samples drawn from multiple countries is nearly absent” [Dawson and Dickinson (1988) Conducting international mail surveys: the effect of incentives on response rates within an industrial population, Journal of International Business Studies19, 492]. Unfortunately, not much has changed since. Still, very little is known about how respondents from different countries react to mail surveys. This article intends to fill part of this gap by describing the results of a large scale international mail survey in 22 countries. Response rates are shown to vary considerably across countries in a way that contradicts much of the earlier (American) research on this subject. Several explanations for these differences in response rates are put forward.     

江浙沪三省市外商直接投资与环境污染的因果关系检验

文章利用1986-2003年江浙沪三省市实际利用外资额和废气排放量的数据进行了外商直接投资增长与环境污染加剧的因果关系检验,结果表明:在汇总的三省市数据和上海、江苏两省市的单独检验中,外商直接投资增长与环境污染加剧之间的因果关系较为明显;但是对于浙江省,这两者数据间的因果关系并不明显。建议今后一段时期内,长三角地区利用外资不仅要注重量的增加,更要注重质的提升,尤其是要提高外资利用的水平和效率,以缓解日益紧张的环境污染压力。