上海松江出口加工区发展战略及海关监管研究

出口加工区这种模式为我国的改革开放与经济发展做出了不可替代的、具有重要战略意义的积极贡献。本文以上海松江出口加工区为例,对出口加工区的运行机制进行了分析,并指出在这样的运行机制下,无论对于企业,还是地方经济都是非常有益的。希望本文的分析和探索能够给国内正在快速发展中的出口加工区提供一些有益的参考。     

Innovation capacity,international experience and export performance of SMEs in Brazil

Innovation capacity and international experience are factors often related to the internationalisation process of firms, with export activities as the first stage of the process. However, firms from emerging countries seem to show advantages and follow patterns of international expansion that may differ from firms based in developed countries, where the internationalisation models were created. Specifically, exporting firms from emerging countries tend to have limited resources, especially small firms (e.g., for investing in R&D). Despite these facts, the literature on export performance seems biased towards recommending firms to enhance, above all, their innovation capacity in order to achieve better export performance, while little attention is paid to international experience as a factor that is as important as innovation. In this context, the objective of this study is to investigate the impact of innovation capacity and international experience on the export performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) located in an emerging country and to identify which factor is more significant. The Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capabilities approach were used as theoretical frameworks. A research model was developed and tested on a significant sample of Brazilian industrial SMEs. The data were analysed through partial least squares structural equation modelling. The results indicate that international experience has a greater impact on export performance than innovation capacity, showing that there is possibility of overemphasising the role of innovation in the export performance of SMEs, at least, in the Brazilian context.     

How does the geographic export diversification–performance relationship vary at different levels of export intensity?

We argue that the relationship between geographic export diversification and firm performance follows an S-curve relationship if export intensity is low and an inverted U-shape if export intensity is high. The S-shape curve occurs because firms have weaker incentives to deploy the resources needed for succeeding in foreign markets if they generate relatively low revenues in export markets compared to their domestic market. Firms highly committed to export markets, in contrast, face stronger incentives to accelerate their learning curve, which results in an inverted U-shape relationship. We examine our hypotheses using a panel of longitudinal archival data with over 2000 firm-year observations, which cover all of the possible export destination countries served by large Brazil-based exporters from 2001 to 2010. Our results imply that the degree of export intensity changes the cost-benefit relationship of geographic export diversification.     

上海市高科技产品出口存在的问题及对策分析

上海市提出“科技兴市”战略以来,高科技产品出口取得了显著的成绩,但同时也存在着一些制约因素,若不消除这些障碍,必将延缓上海市高科技产品出口的进一步发展。本文结合上海高科技产品出口目的地贸易状况的统计数据,旨在通过对当前上海高科技产品出口贸易中存在的问题及其面临的历史机遇的分析,探索提高上海企业科技竞争力的对策,以增强本地企业培育科技竞争实力、获取巨大的社会经济效益。     

民营企业出口竞争力现状分析

民营企业出口在我国外贸出口中占据越来越大的比重,通过对民营企业出口产品竞争力、拓展市场能力的分析,以及对出口组织、外贸人才、劳动力、政府政策等障碍的研究分析,可以看出,我国民营企业需要通过产权结构的进一步完善、产品结构的优化等来增强竞争力,同时政府也需要健全民营企业出口促进体系、金融支持体系,来促进其外贸发展。     

R&D投入对广东高新技术产品出口影响分析

本文主要运用协整分析方法,以广东省R&D投入为自变量,以高新技术产品出口销售收入为因变量,选取1991～2007的数据对他们之间的关系进行了协整分析,结果表明:广东省R&D投入与高新技术产品出口销售收入存在着长期稳定的动态均衡关系,并且R&D经费支出是引起广东省高新技术产品出口销售收入增长的Granger原因,然后根据研究结论对于促进科技经费投入效率,推动广东高新技术产品出口销售提出了几点建议。     

中国的出口潜力及其影响因素——基于随机前沿引力模型的估计

本文通过构建随机前沿引力模型估计了中国的前沿出口水平以及出口潜力,并将影响中国出口的因素分为自然决定因素和人为决定因素,分别估计了这些因素对于出口的影响程度,由此确认了中国出口的需求拉动特征。同时,中国出口处于低效率状态,说明其所受的人为贸易阻力较大,随着世界贸易环境的改善,中国仍然具有较大的出口潜力。在当前外部需求减弱的情况下,通过短期政策促进出口企业产能具有重要的危机应对意义。从长期而言,出于维护国家经济安全的考虑,注意开发国内市场,启动内部消费,适当降低中国经济增长的对外依赖程度仍然是经济政策的重要指向。     

异质性人力资本对制造业出口产品质量的影响研究

人力资本作为经济发展的高质量型创新动力,对提升我国制造业出口产品的质量发挥着重要的内源作用。基于异质性人力资本的视角,选取2006—2016年省级层面十二大类(HS码)的贸易数据,并以技术创新和城市化作为中介变量,实证检验人力资本异质性对制造业出口产品质量的直接效应和间接效应。研究表明,人力资本极大地提高了我国制造业出口产品的整体质量,并且通过引领技术创新和人口的空间集聚,实现对制造业出口产品的高质量发展。其中,初级人力资本效果不显著,中级和高级人力资本通过技术创新和城市化的间接效应对提高制造业出口产品质量发挥了重要的提升作用。     

影响中国医疗器械出口贸易因素的实证分析

医疗行业是保障国家民生发展以及为经济贸易事业注入新活力的重要因素。随着国家医疗行业以及医药企业的发展,医疗器械应用受到越来越多的关注。2020年突如其来的新冠病毒疫情,更是凸显了医疗器械在防护和治疗的重要性。在全球化背景下,我国医疗器械产业的发展是机遇与挑战并存。选取2000—2017年的相关数据,对我国医疗器械对外贸易现状以及出口贸易的影响因素进行探究。根据分析结果对促进我国医疗器械产业的稳步发展提出应对措施,以规避出口贸易中可能存在的风险。     

An analysis of Korea's export performance using US import data

This paper assesses the relative sophistication of the Korean export products in manufacturing industry both across and within products between 1989 and 2012 using the very detailed United States import data. I first compare Korea's export performance in the US market in terms of market share, product penetration and export similarity to those of its rival countries. Next, I propose far more extensive estimates of difference in export quality between Korea and its trading rivals. The estimated quality difference reveals substantial heterogeneity across products and countries. In particular, this paper shows that the current greatest competitor of Korea is still Japan in the US market, but China is steadily climbing up the quality ladder and is chasing after Korea.