Untersuchung über die Kränklichkeit in den staatlich unterstützten Krankenkassen Schwedens

Abstract

Von den Vorschriften, die für die staatlich unterstützten Krankenkassen gelten, werde ich hier nur so viel mitteilen, was für den Aufbau der mathematiscben Formeln notwendig ist, sowie einige Tatsachen, die bei Vergleichen mit anderen Kränklichkeitsmaterialien von Bedeutung sind. Im übrigen wird auf das Gesetz über Krankenkassen hingewiesen.     

Cities, hinterlands and agglomeration shadows: Spatial developments in Finland during 1880–2004

This paper analyzes long-term spatial developments in Finland by focusing on two predictions of the new economic geography (NEG) models: the increasing persistence of locational patterns and the rising dominance of growth centers. The empirical analysis is based on regional population data from 1880 to 2004. The results support the hypotheses. Evolutions in rank and rank-size distributions during the processes of industrialization and urbanization suggest increasing persistence of regional structures. The analysis of causal processes between population centers and their hinterlands shows that these regions grew hand-in-hand in the pre-war period, whereas agglomeration shadows started to come about during the post-war period.     

Trade‐led growth hypothesis in Cuban commercial regimes since 19601,2

This study examines the impact of trade on Cuban growth during different commercial policy regimes spanning the period from 1960 up to 2004, encompassing two essential economic structural transformations: the Cuban revolution and the fall of the Berlin Wall. For this purpose, the Granger causality is used by means of the modified Wald test for augmented‐level vector autoregressive model with integrated and cointegrated processes introduced by Toda and Yamamoto (1995) and Dolado and Lutekepohl (1996) . We show an import‐led growth hypothesis during the Soviet‐oriented pattern that is rejected after 1990, when exports are not only responsive to growth expansion but also to imports’ behaviour.     

论中国经济长周期波动的特殊性

本文的分析表明，技术创新和制度创新是长波运行的主要动力。中国经济长波存在超长的上升期，这一特殊性源自我国技术创新和制度创新的不断进展。我们应继续以持续的技术创新和制度创新来推动我国经济长波的高位平稳运行。     

Defining Markets for Ex Ante Regulation using the Hypothetical Monopoly Test

The EU is gradually systematizing its approach to ex ante regulation (notably with the publication of the recent regulatory framework for Electronic communications). Market definition is viewed as an essential first step in this, with the ‘Hypothetical Monopoly Test’ a useful conceptual tool for use in the assessment. This paper examines the use of this test for market definition when there are several differentiated goods or services under consideration. It sets out an analytic framework, discusses the pros and cons of using the test and illustrates its use in a Telecom context.     

MIL—STD—1553B测试问题的探讨

本文在讨论1553B产品的测试原则及阶段划分的基础上,简要地介绍了该类产品验证测试的基本项目及要求,突出强调了该测试问题的迫切性及复杂性。     

新疆对外贸易与经济增长的实证分析

本文根据新疆1990年-2005年的统计数据,利用协整理论和格兰杰(Granger)因果关系检验对新疆国内生产总值、投资和进出口贸易之间的关系进行分析。结果表明新疆国内生产总值与投资及进出口之间存在长期稳定的关系,投资和出口增长是拉动经济增长的原因,而经济增长却不是拉动投资、进出口增长的原因。     

对我国区际经济与金融差距关联性的实证分析

各区域间金融发展的差异对经济发展差距有无影响以及影响机制如何成为经济学研究的一项任务。以塞尔指标衡量我国经济与金融发展差距,发现我国区域间经济发展差距与金融发展差距呈现一致的变动关系,且金融差距大于经济差距。由此引出的基本判断是我国区际经济差距的逻辑原因有金融因素,进而采用格兰杰因果关系检验判断我国省际金融发展与经济增长间的关系,从中可以明确我国东部地区金融成长偏重于内生状态,而中西部地区更倾向于外生状态。考虑到改革的总体方向,并借鉴东部地区的经验,放松金融抑制、催化内生金融成长无疑是全面促进中西部经济发展的必然选择。     

Measuring moral judgement and the implications of cooperative education and rule-based learning

The Defining Issues Test (DIT), developed by Rest (1986) , measures a person's level of moral development using hypothetical social dilemmas. Although the DIT is useful for measuring moral development in social settings, it might not adequately capture an individual's moral judgement abilities in solving work‐related problems ( Weber, 1990 ; Trevino, 1992 ; Welton et al., 1994 ). In the present study, the moral judgement levels of 97 accounting students were measured over a 1 year period using two separate test instruments, the DIT and a context‐specific instrument developed by Welton et al. (1994) . The test scores are significantly higher on the DIT than the Welton instrument (between the instruments and over time), suggesting that accounting students use higher levels of moral reasoning in resolving hypothetical social dilemmas and lower levels of moral reasoning in resolving context‐specific dilemmas. The difference in test scores was highest during cooperative education (work placement programme), implying that the environment is a significant determinant on students’ test scores.     

黑龙江省耕地非农化与经济发展的Granger因果关系研究

研究目的:分析黑龙江省耕地非农化过程的内在原因,以助于协调黑龙江省耕地非农化进程与经济发展的关系,使耕地保护工作与未来经济运行相一致。研究方法:运用Granger因果关系检验法,利用Eviews4.1软件分析。研究结果:城市化进程对耕地非农化进程的影响与经济增长对耕地非农化的影响并不一致,城市化进程对耕地非农化的影响更加显著。因此,要从根本上解决耕地非农化与经济发展之间的矛盾须将城市化作为切入点。