农民工工伤保险模式设计与仿真

农民工工伤保险模式要求在政府统一的农民工社会保障体系下,实行缴费资金先由省市政府统一管理、再逐步发展为全国统一的管理体系,实行单位缴费,个人不承担。文章在重点调查研究农民工工伤保险现状基础上提出合理的工伤保险缴费和待遇新模式,并进行计算机仿真计算,检验设计的模式是否科学、合理和可操作的。     

The impact of safety nets on technology adoption: a difference‐in‐differences analysis

This article contributes to a growing body of empirical literature relating credit constraints and incomplete insurance to investment decisions. We use panel data from rural Ethiopia to investigate whether participation in a safety net program enhances fertilizer adoption. Using a difference‐in‐differences estimator and inverse propensity score weighting, we find that participation in Ethiopia's food‐for‐work (FFW) program increased fertilizer adoption in the short run, but not in the long run. Results also indicate that the intensity of fertilizer usage increased with livestock holdings for FFW‐participant households, providing some evidence that the intervention helped asset‐rich farm households more than asset‐poor households. We find no significant effects of free distribution on fertilizer adoption or intensification. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that safety nets can be viewed as mechanisms that allow households to take on more risk to pursue higher profits. The results highlight the importance of safety net programs, their effectiveness in ensuring farmers that they will be protected against uninsured shocks, and how that assurance can translate into productivity‐enhancing behavior.     

兰州局集团公司车务系统安全标准化体系构建实践

标准化建设是提高铁路企业效率和安全管控能力的重要途径。兰州局集团公司车务系统以标准化为主线,以实现人的行为安全可控为目标,遵循体系建设系统性、充分性、适宜性的要求,坚持体系化、标准化、闭环管理、流程再造的设计原则,从标准体系及标准评价体系、标准化车间、标准化生产指挥中心和智能行车系统等方面,对车务系统安全标准化体系功能进行设计,为构建管理规范、标准统一、保障有力的车务系统安全标准化体系提供支撑。     

Safety risk and international investment decisions

We identify and demonstrate the merit of a novel institutional factor, safety risk, which likely affects multinational corporations’ (MNCs’) international investment decisions. Safety risk refers to the extent to which security and physical well-being are endangered due to normalized aggression and criminality in society. Despite concerns from executives and policymakers, safety risk has attracted little research attention. We validate a safety risk measure and evaluate the construct’s effect on MNCs’ investments. The findings indicate that countries’ safety risk deters MNCs from investing. Further, in post hoc analyses, firms’ prior experiences with safety risk and countries’ private security investments moderated this relationship.     

The evaluation of Istanbul airspace design from the perspective of complexity and safety

The approach, descent, and climb phases of flights in terminal maneuvering areas (TMAs) are some of the critical parts of a flight in which more than half of accidents happen. For an ANSP (Air Navigation Service Provider), to fulfill the responsibility with a high-quality service degree while maintaining safety, these difficult areas should be designed carefully and equipped with the most efficient procedures. Point merge system (PMS), which is defined as a systemized method for sequencing arrival flows, is launched in Istanbul's new TMA (LTFM TMA) being designed by DHMI (Devlet Hava Meydanları Isletmesi) to improve safety and efficiency. In this paper, the airspace complexity is based on adjusted density and structural index, and safety indicators. To investigate the effects of the radical changes made in re-organized LTFM TMA on the safety issue in comparison with the previous terminal maneuvering area, LTBA TMA, six months' data consisting of 75215 arrival and departure flights are used. Results reflect that the LTFM TMA, one of the world's busiest terminal airspaces, has statistically significantly lower scores in terms of conflict numbers per aircraft, complexity metrics, adjusted density, the hour of interactions, and flight hours than LTBA TMA. Lastly, there exists no longer a significant relationship between conflict types and complexity after launching the new design and structure.     

针对车辆AEB系统失效和误作用场景的研究

本文基于预期功能安全,采用功能分解方法,总结出部分车辆自动紧急制动(AEB)系统失效和误作用场景,并从中选取典型场景作为测试场景,开展不同车型的实车道路试验,总结出AEB系统的缺陷与隐患分类。希望此类研究能为AEB系统失效和误作用测试标准的制定提供参考。     

车站列车进路语音提示与报警系统

车站办理列车进路时，由于微机监测系统无法将某些影响因素考虑到进路安排中，人工考虑难以避免错漏情况。为此基于SST89单片机和ISD4003语音芯片技术，研制了列车进路办理语音提示与报警系统，采用隔离的RS422接口与TDCS通信，自动从列车调度指挥系统获得拟定进路信息，对进路上的各区段进行核查，并以屏幕提示和语音报警的形式提醒调度人员注意确认，从而提高车站列车进路办理的安全性。     

铁路集装箱场区安全布局评价研究

铁路集装箱场区的布局在体现基本运输功能和满足生产工艺要求的基础上，要综合考虑其各种安全因素。通过分析铁路集装箱场区安全布局的内外部影响因素，建立安全布局的综合评价指标体系，采用基于Rough Set的算法进行综合评价。通过算例对铁路集装箱场区的布局进行综合评价，结果证明了算法的实用性和可行性。     

压力容器设计中可靠性安全系数法的应用探讨

压力容器的常规设计中,安全系数的确定完全是按经验估计的,具有较大的随意性.通过应用可靠性设计的基本方法,将压力容器的壁厚设计与允许破坏概率(或可靠度)联系起来,并与常规设计结果进行了比较.结果表明,常规设计规范中建议采用的安全系数通常偏大,偏于保守.为此,讨论了一种简便而实用的设计方法,即在常规设计公式中,以可靠性安全系数代替传统的经验安全系数,由此将安全系数的确定建立在容器允许破坏概率(或可靠度)的基础之上,从而使设计的压力容再在保证足够的可靠性前提下,尽量作到经济合理.