联盟关系治理对创新项目组合成功的影响：来自IT行业的实证

项目组合作为企业重要的创新战略实施工具,目前在实践中被广泛应用。针对仅将企业内部因素作为创新项目组合成功前因的研究现状,从企业外部组织环境——联盟关系治理视角出发,基于197家IT企业的问卷调查数据,发现联盟关系治理对创新项目组合成功有显著正向影响,资源柔性和协调柔性在二者关系中起中介作用,项目关联度则分别调节了资源柔性、协调柔性与创新项目组合成功的关系。研究结果可为企业实现高绩效创新项目组合提供借鉴。     

The prospects for marketing strategy and the marketing discipline in Era V: is the prognosis promising or problematic?

ABSTRACT

I thank professors Bernard Jaworski, Brian Jones, Eric Shaw, and Rajan Varadarajan for commenting on my article on ‘Advancing Marketing Strategy in the Marketing Discipline and Beyond’ and for suggesting ways to advance marketing strategy and the overall discipline in marketing’s future ‘Era V’. This note responds to some of their queries, critiques, and recommendations related to the past, present, and future of marketing strategy and the marketing discipline.     

Sovereign wealth fund governance and national culture

As sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) are owned and directed by sovereign governments which often have non-economic strategic motives and concomitant lack of transparency, there is much confusion, suspicion, and concern regarding the purpose of their investments. Strategic or non-economic motives for SWF investments are usually conveyed via respective governing boards of directors. Therefore, there is much need for understanding SWF governance. Using data for 49 large SWFs globally, we document significant and economically important evidence of the impact of national culture on SWF governance. Even when controlling for the quality of respective national governance, we find that poorer SWF governance is associated with the cultural dimensions of power distance, individualism, and most likely masculinity; while better SWF governance is associated with long-term orientation, indulgence and uncertainty avoidance. These results are consistent with what others have noted: good governance means different institutional dynamics in different countries (cultures). We also find that SWF governance is negatively associated with greater investment in foreign assets. Policy makers, capital-market participants, and managers will be interested in these results, as SWFs have become large and important global investors.     

Mass prestige value and competition between American versus Asian laptop brands in an emerging market—Theory and evidence

In recent years, competition between brands have been linked to mass prestige associated with the brands. Mass Prestige (Masstige) is very important to study, and yet it is a relatively less investigated construct in the literature. This study is an attempt to contribute to the literature grounded in masstige theoretical approach by examining the prestige associated with the four best-selling laptop brands: 1) two American brands (HP, Dell); and 2) two Asian brands (Lenovo and Acer). We analyzed the competition between these brands in the second fastest growing emerging market, India. In order to measure masstige value, we used the Masstige Mean scale (Paul, 2015). The results show that American brands have the potential to be seen as prestige brands while Asian brands are trailing behind in masstige value and competition. Finally, but not less important, this paper discusses the potential reasons for different masstige value of four laptop brands.     

Relating strategic market orientation and market performance: role of customer value types

A service provider achieves competitive advantage by configuring appropriate strategic orientation and customer value type. This paper addresses three important issues: (i) which customer value type (economical, relational or technical) is important for bank customers? (ii) which strategic market orientation (customer or competitor) helps in achieving the desired value type? and (iii) which value type significantly predicts market performance? We propose that a strategic market orientation pursued by a firm shall influence the customer value it intends to offer so as to maximize the market performance. Using data collected from 538 bank customers, this study reveals that when there is a perfect match between strategic market orientation and value being perceived by its customers, a firm shall achieve strategy-value fit and realize optimal market outcomes in the form of customer satisfaction, acquisition, retention, cross-selling, and up-selling. Furthermore, a bank shall realize maximum level of market performance if it pursues both customer and competitor orientation and endeavors to deliver technical/functional value to its target customers. The paper concludes with managerial implications and future research directions.     

Strategic marketing planning for heritage tourism: a conceptual model and empirical findings from two emerging heritage regions

This paper examines the process of strategic marketing planning for heritage tourism, an inherently complex and fragmented system, requiring a coordinated approach among a range of stakeholders. A conceptual model, detailing key stakeholders and specific strategic functions, as well as a prescribed method of coordination, is presented. Two regions were investigated using a qualitative methodology, which examined five strategic documents and consisted of in-depth interviews with 11 key informants from the tourism industry. Key findings indicate that weak coordination, in terms of strategic marketing planning, has negative implications for heritage tourism marketing concerning four key strategic functions, strategic orientation, resource allocation, product service development and destination promotion. The paper emphasises the importance of strategic marketing planning for each function and considers the role of the public sector in terms of providing strategic direction. Furthermore, the paper highlights the potential difficulties of engaging in heritage tourism development in a non-traditional destination.     

基于项目类型的股权众筹羊群行为及领投人作用研究

股权众筹为创新创业提供资金支持,但其存在风险大和信息不对称等突出问题,为了规避风险,股权众筹投资者往往会跟随领投人及其他投资者进行决策。研究羊群行为及领投人作用有助于了解投资者群体心理,对提高融资绩效具有重要理论价值。目前,国内股权众筹方面的研究较少,更缺乏针对不同类型项目的深入研究。对众筹网的股权众筹项目面板数据进行回归分析,发现科技类和非科技类项目的投资者均存在羊群行为,且科技类项目投资者羊群行为边际效用趋增。领投人有利于吸引对科技类项目的投资,却不利于吸引对非科技类项目的投资。最后,从投资者、融资者及众筹平台3个方面提出了对策建议。     

负向绩效反馈对企业战略变革方向的影响

企业行为理论认为,当企业绩效低于期望绩效时,战略决策者会采取问题导向的搜索行为促发组织战略变革行为,然而,现有文献对负向绩效反馈如何影响组织战略变革方向鲜有研究。基于2007-2015年中国沪深两市所有A股上市公司的数据研究发现,当组织未达到期望绩效时,随着实际绩效与期望绩效缺口的增大,企业战略变革的动态性和独特性均显著增强,同时,两者之间关系还受到外部分析师跟踪的约束;当绩效低于期望时,相比于分析师跟踪较少的企业,分析师跟踪较多的企业其负向绩效反馈对组织战略变革的动态性和独特性均存在减弱效果。     

TMT关系强度、团队自反性对战略决策绩效的影响

基于社会网络理论与高管团队（TMT）理论相整合视角,构建TMT关系强度、团队自反性与战略决策绩效关系的理论模型,通过有效样本数据对模型进行实证检验。研究结果表明,TMT强关系对决策质量和决策承诺均产生正向影响;TMT弱关系与决策质量正相关,但与决策承诺呈负相关关系。团队自反性分别正向调节TMT强关系与决策质量、决策承诺的关系以及TMT弱关系与决策质量的关系;同时,团队自反性也调节了TMT弱关系与决策承诺的负向关系。     

科技型中小微企业融资效率视角的地方政府行为评估

从资金可得性、资金成本与时间成本3个方面衡量科技型中小微企业融资效率,以黑龙江省科技型中小微企业为调研对象,在探索性因子分析的基础上构建了地方政府行为对科技型中小微企业融资效率支持作用的概念模型,基于结构方程模型实证分析了不同类型政府行为对企业融资效率的作用差异。研究发现：培育市场资金供给主体类政府行为的作用效果最好,其次是降低投融资信息不对称程度与分散（降低）企业创新风险类政府行为,而财政直接支持类政府行为对科技型中小微企业融资效率的作用效果不显著,由此提出基于科技型中小微企业融资效率的黑龙江省政府行为优化建议。