煤炭价格波动与电力供应紧张——基于月度数据的经验证据

近十年来电力供应紧张一直困扰中国经济,大量文献检验了电力供应与经济增长的关系,而忽视了煤炭价格这一因素。基于1996年10月到2012年5月的月度数据,我们使用了包含煤炭价格的多变量方法进行分析。研究结果显示,Johansen协整检验发现电力供应、煤炭价格和经济增长之间存在长期均衡关系;拔靴Granger因果检验发现,电力供应单向引导经济增长,煤炭价格单向引起电力供应,煤炭价格与经济增长之间存在双向的Granger因果联系。据此,我们建议完善煤电价格联动机制,密切关注煤炭价格波动和打破电力市场行政垄断等。     

The effects of bargaining power on trade credit in a supply network

We develop a multi-tier supply network model, rooted in social network theory, to evaluate the effect of bargaining power on trade credit and to track the effect of buyers' trade credit on suppliers' trade credit. We apply social network analysis to measure companies' bargaining power in the supply network of Hennes & Mauritz AB (H&M, the Swedish clothing retailer). The results show that the buyer's bargaining power significantly affects the choice of trade credit, and that the supplier's “upstreamness” is significantly associated with its trade credit. We find limited evidence to support the notion of a financial bullwhip effect, a result that merits further research, since this study is limited to the network of one company up to its fourth tier of suppliers in one financial year. Our results can be applied by companies seeking to control their cash flow and, therefore, the financial pressure within their supply network. This study contributes to the literature by bringing social network measures into the buyer–supplier financial flow, as well as offering one of the first empirical examinations of the propagation of financial pressure in a multi-tier supply network.     

我国新能源技术进步问题与对策研究

介绍了我国新能源技术发展现状,分析了由于关键技术缺失导致的技术、市场问题及其深层原因,提出了促进我国新能源技术进步的政策建议。     

基于全寿命周期分析的电力设备费用模型

针对我国供电企业的实际情况,将电力设备费用分为一次投资费用和运行维护费用两部分,建立了电力设备全寿命周期费用定量模型。针对一次投资费用的特点,建立了基于时间分摊的一次投资费用模型;针对运行维护费用长期发生的特点,建立了基于灰色关联度确定分布类型的运行维护费用模型。同时,将两个费用模型综合考虑,建立了供电企业电力设备全寿命周期费用模型,据此可计算电力设备全寿命周期最小费用和最佳使用寿命。最后,以某变电站综合自动化项目为例,验证了该模型的有效性。     

Technological innovation and diffusion of wind power in Japan

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the diffusion of wind power in Japan by focusing on the value chain and the interaction between technology and markets and to contribute towards recommendations on technology policy and management. This paper proposes a framework for analyzing the early stage diffusion of wind power systems by combining the use of several approaches considering wind power system as a complex technological system. Firstly, the business system approach is used as an analytical framework by focusing on efficiency, effectiveness and development criteria. As a second approach, the technological trajectory was analyzed based on the concept of technological disequilibrium and the evolutionary patterns of innovation of wind power generation systems were analyzed and the relationship between innovations at the sub-system, modular, and system level was identified. We apply the framework to investigate why wind power diffusion has not picked up momentum in Japan.The results include the following: (1) Technological imbalances within the product system were solved by technological innovation (2) The wind power business in Japan is insufficiently effective due to organizational disequilibrium (3) The technology system has begun to evolve in the direction of micro grid systems. (4) It is important to consider the demand-pull measures for wind power generation so that Japanese institution can have a “time slot” for ”learning by doing” to catch up and accelerate diffusion of wind power generation, including institutional reform of RPS law. Also further technological development related to stabilizing unstable wind energy is required.     

希腊构建多元化能源结构值得借鉴

希腊是一个缺乏能源的小国家,但其构建东南欧能源共同体、构建石油、天然气和输电网络的框架计划、放开能源市场鼓励竞争、制定法律促进替代能源发展等措施值得我们借鉴.     

Pro-social Motivation and the Delivery of Social Services

This article provides an overview highlighting some major themesof the recent literature on the role of pro-social motivationin the provision of social services. We focus on the insightsobtained from two alternative ways of modelling pro-social motivation;action-oriented and output-oriented altruism. This literaturehas implications regarding the design of optimal incentives,the selection of motivated agents and its interaction with monetaryrewards, and the optimal organizational form required to exploitsuch motivations. We also discuss the implications for governmentprovision of social services from the perspective of a parallelliterature that emphasizes the non-contractible nature of output,and contrast it with the implications derived from work emphasizingthe role of pro-social motivation. (JEL codes: H11, J32, J45,L31, L33)     

论母子公司财务管理模式及其财权配置

母子公司财务管理有集权、分权、集权与分权融合三种模式。选择母子公司财务管理模式应比较各自的优缺点和适用范围,并充分考虑股权集中度、企业规模等相关因素,以进行具体的财权配置。     

迎接高油价挑战,抓好石化企业节能减排工作

在高油价的条件下,石化企业面对油价高涨和节能减排高标准要求的严峻挑战。今后要做细石化企业内部节能减排基础管理工作,积极参与循环经济建设,做好石化企业整体布局调整和加强石化企业间合作才能抓好石化企业节能减排工作。     

“软实力”视野中的社会主义文化建设

文化是“软实力”的重要内容组成部分,也是“软实力”的重要维系力量。以提升中国“软实力”为目标,推进社会主义文化建设,需要坚持社会主义核心价值体系,增强社会主义文化建设的向心力;推进社会主义乖谐文化建设,增强社会主义文化建设的凝聚力;继承与弘扬民族传统文化,增强社会主义文化建设的支撑力;大力推进文化创新与发展,增强社会主义文化建设的竞争力。为了增强社会主义文化建设实效,需要把社会主义文化建设的各个方面结合起来,注重社会主义文化建设的互动性和整体性。