THE USE OF CONTRACT BY GOVERNMENT AND ITS AGENTS

Given that the provision of a service is being controlled by the state, the decision whether to contract out that service provision to the private sector is essentially a business decision. A number of economic advantages and disadvantages need to be offset against each other. Governments are poorly placed to make such decisions and it is no surprise that PPPs are often inefficient and steered by political objectives.     

房地产行业所得税征收新办法对房地产业的影响

房地产行业所得税征收新办法引起社会关注，本文分析了房地产行业所得税征收新办法出台的背景，分析了新征收办法对房地产业的影响。一方面，新办法的颁布，对相关收入、费用项目作了更准确的界定，提高征收的科学性，房地产企业的税收遵从成本将降低；另一方面，新办法的颁布，堵塞了征收管理的漏洞，加大了房地产企业偷漏税的成本，房地产行业的整体税负水平将有所上升。     

清代皖中田宅交易中的喜礼俗例述论--以陈禹文书为考察对象

有关清代田宅交易中“喜礼”俗例的探讨，史学家所利用的材料局限于乾隆刑科题本。本文利用遗存的徽州文书探讨皖中地区，尤其是巢湖平原田宅交易过程中存在的喜礼俗例，揭示了清代中叶以及中国社会转型时期长江中下游地区的土地所有权属转让关系。     

关于上市公司关联交易中的税收筹划分析

税收筹划是企业和国家双赢的选择。当今上市公司中的不当关联交易现象普遍存在，并起着很大的负面作用。如何利用关联交易实现上市公司的税收筹划、提高上市公司的经济效益是目前亟待解决的问题。本文拟就上市公司关联交易如何进行税收筹划进行分析，以期引起企业理财活动的重视。     

A TEST OF A GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM STOCK OPTION PRICING MODEL

An empirical version of the Cox, Ingersoll, and Ross (1985a) call option pricing model is derived, assuming execution price uncertainty in the options market. the pricing restrictions come in the form of moment conditions in the option pricing error. These can be estimated and tested using a version of the method of simulated moments (MSM). Simulation estimates, obtained by discretely approximating the risk-neutral processes of the underlying stock price and the interest rate, are substituted for analytically unknown call prices. the asymptotics and other aspects of the MSM estimator are discussed. the model is tested on transaction prices at 15-minute intervals. It substantially outperforms the Black-Scholes model. the empirical success of the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross model implies that the continuous-time interest rate implicit in synchronous transaction quotes of 90-day Treasury-bill futures contracts is an-albeit noisy-proxy for the instantaneous volatility on common stock. the process of the instantaneous volatility is found to be close to nonstationary. It is well approximated by a heteroskedastic unit-root process. With this approximation, the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross model only slightly overprices long-maturity options.     

电子商务交易额预测的模糊线性回归研究

交易额是衡量电子商务发展水平高低的一个重要指标,因此研究交易额的影响因素就尤为必要。本文根据中国电子商务交易额和互联网发展数据,考虑因变量在不同时期的差异隶属,计算出模糊线性回归模型的估计表达式;得到网民数、国际出口带宽、网站数较大程度的影响电子商务交易额。并预测这三个影响因素的未来发展以及2011年的电子商务交易额的预测,最后提出相关政策建议。     

碳金融交易金融支持路径选择——建立地方性碳金融政策性银行

低碳经济是当前全世界关注的话题.我国发展低碳经济也十分必要和紧迫,但同时也面临着能源结构以煤为主,技术相对落后的局面.在低碳经济引发碳金融市场迅速发展的过程中,政策性银行的作用应该得到发挥,特别是在上海建设国际金融中心的过程中,可以尝试建立地方性碳金融政策性银行.文章从建立碳金融政策性银行的理论依据入手,即碳减排产品的公共特征和外部特征,政策性银行的政策性和银行性两大特点,分析了建立地方性碳金融政策性银行在理论上有依据,政策层面上有支持,以及技术层面上的可行性.从而得出了应该抓住机遇,尝试性建立地方性碳金融政策性银行,促进我国的碳减排的结论.     

Exploring Transition and Change in a Complex Traditional Market: The Case of the Rice Market in Bangladesh

This paper explores the unaddressed question of how the large, complex paddy‐rice market in Bangladesh is able to transform itself and evolve, in the face of changing risks and incentives, into a better‐functioning market system. It notes significant but opposing trends over two decades in different areas, particularly in terms of market structure, trade circuits and exchange relations. Evidence of a sharp decline in tied transactions points to the growing importance of impersonal exchange. The underlying causes of these changes are explored, with particular reference to microfinance, remittances, rural roads and mobile telephony.     

基于360°绩效考评方法的灰关联评价

基于360度绩效考评的有限性,针对360度绩效考评"小样本"贫信息"的特点,通过建立一个虚拟企业员工考评体系,用层次分析法确定各考评指标权重,采取灰关联分析法进行排序,得到被考评者的绩效优劣顺序,使360度绩效考评更好地发挥效用。