Progress through school and the determinants of school dropout in South Africa

The release of the National Income Dynamics Study Wave 2 provides the first nationally representative longitudinal data collected in South Africa, making it possible to study transitions in and out of school, across grades and into work, in ways not previously possible. We illustrate the high levels of grade repetition evident in South African schools and show how school completion presents a significant hurdle with very few youth successfully matriculating. Exit from school does not offer any advantages as most youth find themselves idle once they have left school. Our regression analysis investigates correlates of school dropout and shows that falling behind is a key determinant of school dropout, even after controlling for school quality and socio-economic status. Those behind but attending higher quality schools are partially protected from dropping out. Some evidence that credit constraints may be related to dropout is found, especially among males.     

NONREPLICATION OF OPTIONS

In this paper, we study the replication of options in security markets X with a finite number of states. Specifically, we prove that in security markets without binary vectors, for any portfolio, at most m ? 3 options can be replicated where m is the number of states. This is an essential improvement of the result of Baptista where it is proved that the set of replicated options is of measure zero. Additionally, we extend the results of Aliprantis and Tourky on the nonreplication of options by generalizing their condition that markets are strongly resolving. Our results are based on the theory of lattice‐subspaces and positive bases.     

Random scheduling with deadlines under dichotomous preferences

A group of individuals share a deterministic server which is capable of serving one job per unit of time. Every individual has a job and a cut off time slot (deadline) where service beyond this slot is as worthless as not getting any service at all. Individuals are indifferent between slots which are not beyond their deadlines (compatible slots). A schedule (possibly random) assigns the set of slots to individuals by respecting their deadlines. We only consider the class of problems where for every set of relevant slots (compatible with at least one individual) there are at least as many individuals who have a compatible slot in that set: we ignore the case of underdemand. For this class, we characterize the random scheduling rule which attaches uniform probability to every efficient deterministic schedule (efficient uniform rule) by Pareto efficiency, equal treatment of equals, and probabilistic consistency (Chambers, 2004). We also show that a weaker version of the probabilistic consistency axiom is enough to achieve our result. Finally we show that efficient uniform rule is strategyproof.     

现行税收制度下建筑施工企业会计核算办法探讨

目前建筑施工企业采用的完工百分比法确认工程收入和结转工程成本,存在大量的预估成本,与税务部门规定的标准存在较大差异,导致企业所得税申报存在过多调整事项,不利于企业真实反映经营成果。文章对高速公路工程完工百分比核算办法进行探讨,实现税务认同与会计结算的基本统一,消除会计核算与税务征管稽核中的矛盾。     

议工程竣工结算的审核工作

竣工结算文件是综合反映竣工工程项目从筹建开始到项目竣工交付使用为止的全部建设费用、投资效果和财务情况的总结性文件,是正确核定新增固定资产价值,考核分析投资效果,建立健全经济责任制的依据,为工程建设提供重要的技术及经济方面的基础资料。文章分析了工程结算产生偏差的因素,阐述了结算审核的重点内容,并提出几种结算审核的方法,为工程造价控制把好最后一关,促进竣工结算工作的良性循环。     

审核建设工程竣工结算的方法

审核建设工程竣工结算是建筑结算工作中很重要的内容,结算状况是否准确,既关系到发包单位的利益,更关系到承包单位的利益。这里分析了建设工程竣工结算中所存在的问题,并阐述了审核竣工结算的方法。     

桃夭门大桥合理成桥状态索力的确定

斜拉索是现代斜拉桥最重要的结构构件,成桥状态的结构内力和线型主要取决于合理成桥状态的索力。根据舟山桃夭门大桥的结构特点,选定并建立了鱼骨模型,在MIDAS/civil软件环境中确定了成桥状态索力,实践结果表明该方法可行。     

钻完井区域化管理模式在渤海油田的实践与应用

分析了渤海辽东湾区域钻完井作业存在物料供给距离远、补给周期长,现场物料消耗大、需求紧张,船舶与物料费用高等问题。通过设置区域总监积极参与船舶、物料动态管理,优化船舶安排、重点租赁工具跟踪、作业点区域化管理,提高了船舶使用效率,满足了现场需要,达到了供需平衡,节省了运输成本。     

关于如何加强建设工程竣工结算审核的探讨

文章结合笔者多年的工作经验,探讨了竣工结算阶段存在的一些问题,主要包括施工单位编制工程结算书存在冒算多算、高套定额单价、高套取费标准等有意提高工程造价的现象。     

Deadlines and software: disentangling local government accounting reforms in Brazil

ABSTRACT

This paper shows how ongoing accounting reforms in Brazilian local governments were affected by a shift from a universal to a gradual implementation approach. Deadlines being postponed led to a decrease in local governments’ willingness to reform. This effect varied according whether the accountants involved depended on commercial software to operate a particular accounting policy. An important finding from this research was that software providers are to some extent setting the IPSAS implementation agenda in Brazil.