K2O-B2O3-SiO2/Al2O3低温共烧陶瓷介质材料研究

采用1 500℃高温熔融水淬制得K2O-(n-x) B2O3-xSiO2玻璃粉,掺入Al2O3陶瓷填充料来制备K2O-(n-x)B2O3xSiO2/Al2O3低温共烧陶瓷介质材料.系统研究了玻璃基中SiO2/B2O3比例变化和玻璃掺入量对玻璃/陶瓷材料结构和性能的影响规律.研究结果表明,B2O3含量增加抑制了玻璃Y中SiO2析晶,使复合材料的介电常数、介电损耗在一定程度上有所减小,复合材料的抗弯强度也有一定程度的减小.     

Minimal Entropy Martingale Measures of Jump Type Price Processes in Incomplete Assets Markets

We consider the incomplete assets market and assume that the market has no-arbitrage. Then there are many equivalent martingale measures associated with the market. Among them, a probability measure which minimizes the relative entropy with respect to the original probability measure P, has a special importance. Such a measure is called the minimal entropy martingale measure (MEMM). In a previous paper, we have proved the existence theorem of the MEMM for the price processes given in the form of the diffusion type stochastic differential equation. In this article we discuss the MEMM of the jump type price processes, or especially of the log Lévy processes, and we give the explicit form of MEMM.     

The Minimal Entropy Martingale Measure and the Valuation Problem in Incomplete Markets

Let χ be a family of stochastic processes on a given filtered probability space (Ω, F, (F_t)_t∈T, P) with T?R₊. Under the assumption that the set M_e of equivalent martingale measures for χ is not empty, we give sufficient conditions for the existence of a unique equivalent martingale measure that minimizes the relative entropy, with respect to P, in the class of martingale measures. We then provide the characterization of the density of the minimal entropy martingale measure, which suggests the equivalence between the maximization of expected exponential utility and the minimization of the relative entropy.     

An extension of the multi-output state-contingent production model

This paper presents new developments on the state-contingent theory of production under uncertainty with stochastic prices. Our main purpose is to generalize the usual finite discrete state-contingent production model to infinite dimensional, possibly uncountable spaces which look like a more realistic framework. Usual duality results are established in this general context, shedding some light on the links between risk-neutral probabilities and shadow prices. A direct generalized production risk premium is defined and is shown to be independent of the inputs level when the technology is output translation homothetic. In such a case, the technology exhibits constant absolute riskiness. We thank Bob Chambers for his helpful comments.     

税法中视同销售的比较分析

在税收实务中，视同销售是一个重要内容。视同销售涉及税种广泛，内容丰富，增加了纳税风险。本文试从视同销售的相关规定出发，比较分析视同销售在各个税种税法规定的异同，以便较为清晰的认识视同销售行为，减少纳税人的纳税风险。     

基于等标污染负荷法的山西省农业面源污染特征研究

[目的]为全面了解山西省农业面源污染现状,探讨农业面源污染强度及分布特征。[方法]文章运用清单分析法、等标污染负荷法计算并分析了2016年山西省及其11个行政区COD、总氮、总磷的农业面源污染负荷,并根据畜禽养殖业,种植业,水产养殖业以及农村生活排水4个账户的计算结果进行了全面分析。在此基础上讨论其空间分布特征并进行聚类分析。[结果](1) 2016年山西省农业面源污染COD排放量为80.73万t,总氮排放量为9.21万t,总磷排放量为1.02万t。(2)总氮等标污染负荷最大的为460.42亿m~3,其次为总磷,COD等标污染负荷最小,3种污染物总等标污染负荷为918.51亿m~3。(3) 4个账户中,农村生活账户的等标污染负荷比最大,为52.13%;其次为畜禽养殖账户和种植业账户,水产养殖账户最小为0.12%。(4)山西省11个行政区等标污染负荷比由大到小依次为运城市吕梁市晋中市临汾市长治市大同市忻州市晋城市朔州市太原市阳泉市。(5)通过对2016年山西省农业面源污染等标污染负荷的系统聚类分析,将11个行政区划分为重度污染型(临汾市、吕梁市、晋中市、运城市),中度污染型(长治市、忻州市、大同市、晋城市、朔州市)和轻度污染型(太原市、阳泉市) 3个类型。[结论]2016年山西省农业面源污染严重,其中COD排放量最大。污染物主要来自畜牧养殖账户和农村生活账户。运城市污染状况最为严重。     

基本放大电路动态分析技巧

基本放大电路的动态分析是模拟电子技术教学中的一个重点,同时也是一难点。笔者在多年的教学中总结出一套基本放大电路动态分析的一般方法,在画放大电路的微变等效电路时使用了一定的技巧,使各种基本放大电路的微变等效电路形式一致,通过其求电压放大倍数、输入电阻、输出电阻等参量极其容易,实践证明学生容易掌握,化解了基本放大电路动态分析的难点。     

A COMMENT ON MARKET FREE LUNCH AND FREE LUNCH

Frittelli (2004) introduced a market free lunch depending on the preferences of the agents in the market. He characterized no arbitrage and no free lunch with vanishing risk in terms of no market free lunch (the difference comes from the class of utility functions determining the market free lunch). In this note we complete the list of characterizations and show directly (using the theory of Orlicz spaces) that no free lunch is equivalent to the absence of market free lunch with respect to monotone concave utility functions.     

Measuring the Economic Costs and Benefits of the EU

The EU has pursued protectionist policies not merely in food but also in manufacturing at the customs union level. In services it has not dismantled much of the existing national protectionism. The economic costs are calculated here at some 3% of GDP for the UK and some 2% for the rest of the EU. Added to its social interventionism, these costs suggest that the EU has put political integration before economic efficiency. This paper draws heavily on my book with Vidya Mahambare and Eric Nowell (Minford et al., 2005). I am grateful for helpful comments to Kim Huynh, Michele Fratianni and other participants at the IU 2006 conference in Fratianni’s honour. I contributed this paper in recognition of many pleasurable discussions with Michele over the years on this and many other topics. JEL Classification Numbers: F13, F14