地方政府土地政策试点实施的动力与机制 ——基于B市集体土地建租赁住房试点的案例分析

研究目的：分析中央主导的“设计试验”中地方政府土地政策试点实施的关键动力与治理机制,为完善土地政策试点运作机制提供参考。研究方法：理论分析、案例分析和过程追踪法。研究结果：（1）在中央加强顶层设计的试点模式下,地方自主探索的创新空间边界受到试点启动和实施等阶段央地多重互动的影响;（2）地方党政“一把手”的个人专长和信息优势有助于其清晰认识创新边界与作用,使其高度重视自身熟悉且利于实现政绩生产的试点领域,为地方推进试点提供关键动力;（3）在党政领导高位推动下,资源拓展、组织协调、政策调适与过程控制等机制构成地方政府解决试点实施困境、实现政策创新的关键机制。研究结论：为推动顶层设计与基层探索良性互动,土地政策试点需处理好央—地、政府—民众两对关系,健全对地方的激励约束机制,提高地方领导对试点的正向激励感知,并从资源、组织、政策和权力运作等维度完善高位推动下四位一体的治理机制。     

The adoption and termination of profit sharing for employees: does management’s attitude play a role?

Examinations on the determinants of profit sharing usually focus on objective firm characteristics. Using data from manufacturing firms in Germany, this study shows that managers’ subjective attitudes towards profit sharing also play an important role in the adoption and termination of this payment scheme. Positive management attitudes are associated with an increased likelihood of adopting profit sharing. While to some extent this entails failed experimentation, positive managerial attitudes also substantially contribute to a sustained use of profit sharing. The pattern of results holds even when controlling for a variety of objective firm characteristics.     

The Impact of Mail Order on Subsequent Donations: An Experiment

To charitable organisations, catalogue mail order firms offer an opportunity to expand both database and revenue. But an offer must be made very carefully since motivation for a donation (altruistic) seems incompatible with that of a purchase (economic). This research is designed to study the impact of sending a catalogue offer to actual donors on their subsequent donation behaviour. An experimental study with a French fundraising association shows that while mail order sales do indeed erode traditional public canvassing campaigns, this erosion nonetheless remains limited. It also reveals that traditional donors seem to be reluctant to use this commercial approach     

Innovation labs in the public sector: what they are and what they do?

This article is a first comprehensive attempt to globally map and analyse innovation labs (i-labs) in the public sector. The article analyzes theoretical reasons why i-labs are created in the public sector and tests these assumptions in practice. During the empirical study, thirty-five such organizations all over the world were identified. The research is based on a two-step approach: first, a comprehensive survey was carried out followed by an extensive in-depth interview with the managing figures of i-labs; eleven i-labs responded. The article finds support for the assumptions of external complexity, technological challenges, emulation, and legitimization as reasons behind the creation of i-labs.     

Drivers for the voluntary adoption of consolidated financial statements in local governments

ABSTRACT

This paper investigates consolidated financial statements (CFS), which have been implemented by several countries. In Italy, CFS implementation was preceded by a testing period in which local governments could participate on a voluntary basis. This paper explains why this was a useful preliminary step to implementing CFS: the local governments that took part in the testing period were able to enhance their knowledge of the topic while improving their employees’ skills.     

远程教学模式在机械基础实验中的实践与评价

远程实验教学是一种新型、开放式的教学模式,其方便、灵活及高效特点一定程度上解决了传统实验模式的局限性。开展机械基础远程实验教学,介绍实验学习方式、获取帮助途径、实验操作方法以及实验结果的呈现与评价。通过问卷调查,90%以上的同学认同这种实验模式及其效果。归纳学生实验的感受和建议,研究了远程实验教学完善的方法和措施。     

Learning in society

In an individual experimentation problem a decision maker learns only from his own experience. It is well known that an optimal experimentation strategy for such problems sometimes results in the best alternative being dropped altogether, which is the so-called “Rothschild effect.” Many experimentation problems of interest, however, involve learning from both individual experience and the experience of others. This paper shows that learning in society can overcome the Rothschild effect. We consider an economy with a continuum of infinitely lived players in which each player faces a multi-armed bandit and in each period a player observes the action choice of another randomly chosen player. We show that social conformity always happens in the long run, and we use this fact to derive a condition on the distribution of prior beliefs that implies that the fraction of players who choose the best alternative always converges to one in the long run.     

基于SWOT分析的郑州航空港经济综合实验区航空物流发展战略

在分析郑州航空港经济综合实验区航空物流发展现状的基础上,运用SWOT方法对郑州航空港航空物流发展的环境进行研究,剖析了郑州航空港发展航空物流的优势、劣势、机遇与威胁,并有针对性地提出适合地区特点的航空物流发展战略与建议。     

Inefficiency of sponsored research

I consider two models of sponsored research — one is the model where researchers get funded until (if ever) a research project experiences the first failure (bad news model), the other one is the model where the winner (if any) of a research race is rewarded (good news model). In either case, the researchers start working on a project of unknown quality. The quality of the project is identified with its ability to generate failures or successes, in the first and second models, respectively. The rate of arrival of success conditioned on the quality of the project is an increasing function of the total time spent on research. I find equilibria in both models and show that in case of two competing researchers, one of the researchers experiments inefficiently long, in the bad news model or in the good news model when either the winner takes all, or the laggard is punished. In the good news model where the laggard is rewarded, the equilibrium outcome is efficient.     

An Overview of Six Sigma

We provide an introductory overview of the Six Sigma development and improvement processes. A historical perspective is provided. We also discuss the statistical methods frequently used within this framework and briefly comment on the impact of Six Sigma on the practice of statistics in industry.