旅游工艺品设计中的构成艺术形式美

阐述了旅游工艺品设计与构成艺术的关系,介绍了构成艺术的形式美法则,诠释了构成艺术的形式美在旅游工艺品设计中的应用．旅游工艺品设计需要创新,在立足本土文化特色和工艺技术的基础上。运用构成艺术的形式美要素,表现造型、色彩、材料、质感等多种元素,进而加快提升地方旅游业的特色旅游工艺品形象。     

Dumping and Injury Margins in Markets with Horizontal as well as Vertical Product Differentiation

This paper examines the GATT/WTO rules for anti-dumping measures in a duopoly model with both horizontal and vertical product differentiation. The GATT/WTO rules allow for anti-dumping measures if domestic producers, exposed to price discrimination, also demonstrate injury where price-undercutting is an important indicator of the latter. The paper shows that the procedure for calculating injury is flawed due to negligence of quality differences in the calculation of the margin of price-undercutting. This gives countries with high-quality producers an option to practice protectionism. This asymmetry between countries in ability to implement anti-dumping measures predominantly favors the developed countries which are specialized in producing high-quality products. The paper suggests an overall critical look at the lenient rules for implementing anti-dumping measures—especially the rules for injury determination—in order to restrict the use of such measures to a minimum and to move the world economy closer to free trade.     

证据失权的司法生态之省察

若说证据失权在中国缺乏适于生长的土壤,偏偏它又一直跃然于法律文本之上。若说它已然有足够的理由面对正当性的指责,可在对其司法运作现状观察之后却发现,立法者的愿望终成虚话。在具体案件之中,法官依然没有像立法者所期待的那般"机智"而"勇敢"地就证据失权作出裁断。对当下司法生态考察和分析的结果显示,法官并未完整地展示其三个"自由裁量权"是如何在立法者所设定的三条"底线"之上运作的。这大概反映了人们在面对形式正义与实质正义时的纠结心态。是故,只有放弃实质正义的迷思,承认并尊重形式正义的合理性和现实性,证据失权才能在民事诉讼中找到其应有的位置。     

湘北地区农户民间借贷的调查与分析

不同经济发展水平地区农户民间借贷的特征不同，文章在对湖南省华容县和安乡县的农户进行抽样调查的基础上，分析了湘北传统农区农户民间借贷的现状与特征，并提出相应的对策建议。     

Information, Informal Finance, and SME Financing

Informal finance exists extensively and has been playing an important role in small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) financing in developing economies. This paper tries to rationalize the extensiveness of informal finance. SME financing suffers more serious information asymmetry to the extent that most SMEs are more opaque and can only provide less collateral. Informal lenders have an advantage over formal financial institutions in collecting “soft information” about SME borrowers. This paper establishes a model including formal and informal lenders and high- and low-risk borrowers with or without sufficient collateral and shows that the credit market in which informal finance is eliminated will allocate funds in some inefficient way, and the efficiency of allocating credit funds can be improved once informal finance is allowed to coexist with formal finance. Translated from Economic Research Journal, 2005, 7 (in Chinese)     

对资本弱化税制演变的思考

跨国公司资本弱化要服从于其全球战略安排;普遍存在于内资企业的资本弱化现象由来已久,影响深远,尤其值得关注.对我国资本弱化税制建设来说,仅仅从避税的角度来考虑是不够的,还应通过完善资本弱化税制,调整企业资本结构,降低资产负债水平,降低财务风险和破产风险,建立企业信用和社会信用体系.     

激励过程中的正式契约与关系契约:一个综述

本文研究解决激励问题的两种契约方法。正式契约基于多任务委托代理模型,探讨如何解决代理人重视考核绩效与委托人关注产出价值之间的矛盾,而关系契约基于重复博弈模型,探讨客观测度与主观判断以及短期收益与长期收益之间的矛盾。正式契约与关系契约的结合可以降低代理人所面对的激励扭曲,能够控制委托人违背承诺的诱因。在解决激励问题中应对正式契约和关系契约的合理运用进行综合权衡。     

环渤海区域经济发展的新制度经济学分析

环渤海经济区目前仍面临一体化程度较低等问题，这些问题是由于特定经济制度变迁模式和特殊经济结构造成的，因此本区域提高一体化水平的关键是加快制度创新，制度创新要从硬制度和软制度两个方面入手。要实现这个目标首先要激发创新主体的活力；其次要创造有利于民营经济发展的软制度；最后要完善硬制度使其有利于区域协调。     

科创板与沪市A股主板市场金融资源配置的相关性研究

本文基于2013—2020年科创板与沪市A股1570家上市公司数据,从完善我国金融市场资源配置功能的视角,通过构建金融资源配置效率模型,实证分析了科创板与沪市A股主板市场的关联性因素。研究结果表明,科创板对沪市A股主板市场局部短期内存在一定的竞争效应,但是从中长期来看,两者构成相容互通的资本池,科创板对于提升沪市A股主板市场金融资源配置效率、促进资本市场结构优化和完善我国多层次资本市场体系建设具有积极作用。基于此,本文从我国资本市场金融资源配置优化的视角,研究提出以科创板制度创新加快提升我国资本市场国际化、市场化和专业化功能的对策建议。     

The interplay of formal and informal institutions between local and regional authorities when creating well-functioning public transport systems

This paper analyzes how public transport planning is managed in institutional contexts where governance is spread across local and regional scales. The paper sheds light on two facets of the relationship between local and regional government: first, the decision-making process regarding where to provide public transport services and at what level, and second, integration of public transport with land use planning. An analytical matrix is used to cross-reference the roles of formal institutions (governance established in law) and informal institutions (governance not established in law) against local and regional responsibilities for public transport and land use. Analysis of the interplay between these three axes (formal/informal, local/regional, public transport/land use) reveals how informal institutions help regional and local authorities to negotiate the constraints of formal, statutory institutions and help to “oil the wheels” of delivering measures and policies that make public transport work as a well-functioning system. However, informal institutions clearly have their limits, in the paper exemplified by the remaining challenges to integrate regional public transport and local land use planning. An identified challenge is that, by their very nature, informal institutions are difficult to influence or modify, therefore relying on them to fill gaps in formal institutional responsibilities may be a risky strategy when unpopular decisions are made.