关于认知语义学基础的反思

认知语义学的基础是基本层次概念和意象图式概念。认知语义学认为这两种概念直接来源于人的前概念经验,是初始概念。但是,关于幼儿认知研究的最新发现表明,幼儿的概念是宏观概念,而不是基本层次概念;基本层次概念是语言投射和制约的结果,是通过学习获得的。因而认知语义学的基础研究有待于进一步加强。     

图式理论在大学英语阅读教学中的应用

图式理论认为阅读理解的过程就是新信息与大脑中原有知识相互作用的过程。因此教师在教学中应采用灵活的教学方法,加大背景知识输入,激活、丰富学生的图式知识,提高学生的英语阅读理解能力。     

African Women in the Entrepreneurial Landscape: Reconsidering the Formal and Informal Sectors

Informal and formal sectors can be seen as “dual economies” of African countries. This article discusses the entrepreneurial landscape in Africa considering both sectors, as well as the continuum from small to large within each. It queries whether there can be mobility within and between sectors and whether upward movement, as seen elsewhere, is possible for most African entrepreneurs. The landscape displays the range of women entrepreneurs from traditional microenterprises to large informal-sector traders, from small- to large-scale formal-sector companies, as well as emerging globalists (the “new generation of African entrepreneurs”). Paradigms compare and contrast these entrepreneurs in terms of demographic variables, types of typical enterprises and companies, product sources and markets, start-up capital, networks and associations, and mobility within and between the sectors. Findings show the informal?formal distinction is useful to disentangle the landscape, but that movement between informal sector categories is not substantial because of the entry requirements of education, capital, business networks, etc. Similarly, within the formal sector of small to large businesses, limited access to capital, networks, market niches, and product innovation hinders upward mobility for most. The new generation of African entrepreneurs form an endpoint of the continuum because their global business methods, networks, financial transparency, and business ethics propel them to success. Hence, while most African women entrepreneurs are lower on the scale, there is a growing cadre of women at the top who provide role models of achievement within their countries.     

农村空巢老人社会适应现状调查与思考——基于江西省的实地调研

为探讨农村空巢老人社会适应现状,课题组采取立意抽样法和等距抽样法相结合的方式,对江西省6市11县的24个行政村中的517个空巢老人进行问卷调查。发现自身、家庭、社会政府三个层面对农村空巢老人的社会适应都有不同层面的影响。为了使农村空巢老人更好的社会适应,应从三个方面着手:人的发展方面,应从"片面"到"全面",实现人的全面发展;保障体系方面,应从"非正式"到"正式",凸显正式保障体系的保障作用;社会建设方面,从"二元"或"单向一体化"到"双向一体化",回归社会公平和谐。     

图式理论视角下医学英语阅读兴趣培养的研究

本文以图式理论为基础,以培养学生对医学英语阅读的兴趣为出发点,从内容图式,形式图式和语言图式三方面构建医学英语阅读模式。     

当代城市建筑表皮的艺术特征

通过对中外建筑表皮图案形式的归纳整理,提出了建筑表皮艺术构图历史演进的四个阶段,指出并分析了表皮图案化正在成为当代城市建筑表皮艺术的主流趋势;阐述了当代建筑表皮图案的形式逻辑———立面构图的数理逻辑和图案形式的构成逻辑;研究并拓展了当代建筑表皮图案。     

The competitive implications of the deployment of unique resources

The ‘resource‐based’ view focuses on unique resources as the fundamental sources of competitive advantage and superior profits. We use a game‐theoretic model to analyze the impact of the deployment of unique resources on product market competition, and the impact of unique resources and sustainable competitive advantages on profits when the competitive implications of resource deployment are taken into account. We find that some of the core propositions of the resource‐based view do not necessarily hold when the impact of resource deployment on product market competition is explicitly considered. Specifically, the accumulation and deployment of unique resources does not necessarily increase the firm's profit and the difference between its profit and competitors' profits. Furthermore, achieving a sustainable competitive advantage does not necessarily lead to higher profits. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Why does formal mentoring matter? The mediating role of psychological safety and the moderating role of power distance orientation in the Chinese context

Formal mentoring programs continue to gain popularity within various organizations due to their positive impact on protégés' career successes. However, to date, relevant research has focused on the benefits of informal mentoring relationships. To narrow the literature gap, this study was conducted to examine whether, how and when the amount of formal mentoring provided by mentors influenced protégés' work attitudes. Based on 208 formal mentor–protégé dyads from the People's Republic of China, we found that the amount of formal mentoring provided by mentors related positively to protégés' affective commitment and related negatively to turnover intention. Furthermore, perceived psychological safety of protégés partially mediated the relationship between the amount of formal mentoring and affective commitment, whereas it completely mediated the relationship between the amount of formal mentoring and turnover intention. Finally, protégés' power distance orientation moderated the relationship between the amount of formal mentoring and perceived psychological safety. Additionally, implications for research and practice from our findings are discussed.     

汉英语义差异的比较

英语和汉语这两种语言的社会群体在各自漫长的历史进程中,由于风俗习惯、社会历史文化背景、宗教信仰和地理环境等方面因素的影响,形成了自己的民族特点、民族色彩.这些特点和色彩反映了人们的生产斗争经验以及对生活与自然的认识,凝聚了本民族人们的智慧,也反映出各自国俗语义的差异.了解中外文化和俗语的差异,将对学生学习好外语有着积极的促进作用.     

How does perceived formality shape unheard challenging voices?

Abstract

It has been argued that upward challenge is important because it allows employees to have a say in organisational decision-making. Yet upward challenge may go unheard in organisations. Formal voice mechanisms are largely considered to be advantageous for encouraging employees to share their views and concerns. However, recent papers calling into question the distinction between formal and informal voice have prompted investigation into the value of formal voice mechanisms in encouraging upward challenge. This qualitative study attempted to understand in what ways formal voice mechanisms had the potential to create unheard voices by first establishing a working definition of formal voice mechanisms. Using a sample of 19 UK police officers, participants used a card sort to categorise formal and informal voice mechanisms. They subsequently identified, through semi-structured interviews, that formal voice mechanisms could be considered risky for upward challenge. The findings can be used by scholars and practitioners as a framework to identify where challenging voices may be going unheard.