美国自由贸易协定实践经验及其对中国的启示

美国是自由贸易协定的积极实践者,在拉美、亚洲、和中东等具有战略意义的地区与多国签订了自由贸易协定,构织自己的贸易协定网。本文首先介绍美国自由贸易协定实践的状况和总结其经验,然后阐述中国自由贸易协定实践的进展和特点,探讨美国经验对中国自由贸易协定实践的启示。     

Employment change in independent owner-managed high-technology firms in Great Britain

There is a growing volume of literature that points to the potential for small technology-based firms to achieve substantial employment growth. As a direct consequence of such work this sector of any economy has attracted increasing attention from national and local Governments concerned with finding ways of revitalising economically deprived localities and creating employment opportunities. This paper provides up-to-date empirical evidence surrounding the ability of small high-technology firms to create additional jobs in Great Britain. In addition, key founder and business characteristics are isolated which are significantly associated with employment change in growing high-technology firms over the 1986 to 1992 period. With respect to factors influencing these high levels of employment growth, a high firm size (in 1986) was found to act positively on employment growth, as was a graduate level education for the key founder. On the finance side firms which had access to and used a multiplicity of sources of start-up finance tended to grow faster. Futher, on the basis of our results we would suggest (and recommend) a Government policy which at the firm level actively encourages high-technology firm start-ups (who record higher rates of survival than firms in more conventional sectors) as well as providing support for existing high-technology firms who have already demonstrated the inclination and ability to grow in employment size.     

城市居民循环回收行为的实证分析及政策含义

文章通过问卷调查,对城市居民的循环回收行为进行了具体测度和实证分析,以期为相关公共政策的制定提供借鉴。本研究旨在解决两个问题:一是测度居民在循环回收行为上的总体状况;二是考察不同的居民在循环回收行为上是否存在差异,即人口统计特征对循环回收行为是否存在影响。     

基于熵权TOPSIS模型的中国粮食安全评价研究

[目的]粮食安全事关经济健康发展、社会和谐稳定,是防范和化解系统性风险,维护国家安全的重要保障。对粮食安全发展水平进行评价研究是准确把握我国粮食安全发展现状、合理制定国家粮食安全相关政策措施的手段。[方法]随着我国进入新发展阶段,国家粮食安全被赋予新的时代内涵和新的发展目标。文章以我国粮食安全在新发展阶段所呈现出来的内涵和目标为导向,从供给能力、供给结构、绿色发展、经济效益以及基础支撑五个方面出发,构建了包括25个具体评价指标的粮食安全评价体系,并建立熵权TOPSIS模型对我国粮食安全发展水平的演变和现状进行评价研究。[结果]进入21世纪,我国粮食安全水平呈现出先下降后上升的发展态势,且对绿色发展、经济效益和基础支撑的重视程度逐年提升;提升我国粮食安全水平受到资源状况、科技水平、供给结构等因素的制约。[结论]保障和提升我国粮食安全水平,需要重点从耕地资源保护和利用、粮食科技支撑、国内外市场与资源整合等方面发力。     

国际技术转移可持续发展模式研究及启示

对美国、欧盟、东南亚、中东等典型国家（地区）的国际技术转移可持续发展模式进行分析,指出其有效运作的关键在于将政策立法、技术推介、中介网络、绩效评价和支撑辅助等要素高度融合,并从服务型政府角度论述国际技术转移可持续发展模式对我国的若干启示。     

Technical efficiency of UK airports

In this paper, the random stochastic frontier model is used to estimate the technical efficiency of UK airports. The airports are ranked according to their productivity for the period 2000–2005 and homogenous and heterogeneous variables in the cost function are disentangled. These changes the ranking of the efficiency of UK airports compared to more conventional measures.     

Consumer identity and marketing implications: Indian urban youth

Youth consumption has been an area of research interest as well as societal concern. Globalization and proliferation of media have been cited as the main reasons for rise in consumption, especially among youth. This paper has examined how the Indian Urban youth represent their Consumer Identities through their narratives. In 1991, India opened up to Globalization and its effect on the youth consumption is now wide spread. Studies in other parts of the world have shown youth to be ‘Raving Hedonists’ and ‘Squanderer’ as well as Rational and Economical Consumers. An empirical approach was taken to establish the typology of Indian Youth Consumers. Empirical data for this research was collected by conducting in‐depth interviews in 2013, covering various states of India, with students in the age group of eighteen to twenty three years, who are financially dependent on their parents. Forty in‐depth interviews, representing thirteen distinct linguistic identities were conducted and analysed. Studies done in other parts of the world such as UK, Finland, Norway and Belgium have established typologies of youth consumers such as Hedonist, Squanderer, Rational and Economical Consumer Identities. While these Consumer Identities exist among Indian Urban Youth, the researchers have identified additional Consumer Identity Typologies of Reluctant, Dependent and Aspirant Consumers. The youth in India is somewhat similar to youth elsewhere and yet has its own distinction as consumers. The fact that India has a very high youth population makes this study significant.     

有关国家可再生能源促进政策及其启示

为应对能源短缺和环境问题,各国都高度重视可再生能源的发展,本文介绍了英国、德国和美国的可再生能源促进政策的最新进展。在党和政府的高度关注下,我国近年来可再生能源事业获得了巨大的发展,但仍存在一些限制性问题,学习国外的有关经验,对我国可再生能源促进政策的制定具有重要的借鉴意义。     

我国资本账户开放概况及发展中国家经验的启示

文章回顾了1978年改革开放后三十多年来我国资本账户开放的发展道路,从资本和货币市场工具交易、衍生品及其他工具交易等七个方面分析开放现状,并与墨西哥、印尼两国比较,结合我国资本帐户开放程度、外汇管理特点与国内外经济形势,提出当前资本项目管理重点应坚持“稳妥有序地推进人民币资本项目可兑换”的原则,并要在资本项目管理理念、管理方式和管理体系上寻求更多的突破和创新。     

发展高端生产性服务业实现经济转型与后发赶超

现阶段,我国已迈入工业化的中后期,支柱型产业也已初具规模。所存在的主要问题是生产性服务业内部结构不合理,部分高端生产性服务业发展较慢,高端生产性服务业资金投入不足,人才缺乏。技术研发仍然以模仿为主,产业结构附加价值低,位于“微笑曲线”的底部。我国应积极发展高端生产性服务业,加快实现经济转型的步伐。在信息服务业和商务服务业方面,要积极承接国际服务外包,促进信息服务和商务服务的迅速发展,加快与国际接轨;在金融业与科技服务业方面,需要更注重集聚区效应。同时,要注重产学研相结合,加强与高校及科研机构的联合,强化集聚效应,拉动相关生产性服务业的发展。