The Intrinsic Traction Force in the Technological Development

There is an intrinsic traction force in the technological development which has various manifestations. It is from nonlinear interaction that occurs among the essential elements of technology and among the relevant technology. It is not the only decisive factor but to interweave with other tensions in the development of technology.     

论高校学报与高校图书馆的互动关系

文章在讨论高校图书馆与高校学报信息资源管理的基础上，认为高校图书馆与高校学报可以通过协调发行模式、整合双方信息资源等，实现相互影响、相互促进、相互带动发展。     

我国连锁企业经营策略的整合

现代商业的竞争愈来愈激烈，为了在竞争中求生存求发展，连锁经营模式已成为现代商业经营成功的最佳模式之一，其最大优点在于其规模效应。本文主要论述国内连锁超市可以通过企业间的互动性发展、连锁经营体系等经营策略进行整合，使企业在竞争中不断地取得优势。     

Naive learning and cooperation in network experiments

In this paper we study learning and cooperation in repeated prisoners' dilemmas experiments. We compare interaction neighbourhoods of different size and structure, we observe choices under different information conditions, and we estimate parameters of a learning model.We find that naive imitation, although a driving force in many models of spatial evolution, may be negligible in the experiment. Naive imitation predicts more cooperation in spatial structures than in spaceless ones—regardless whether interaction neighbourhoods have the same or different sizes in both structures. We find that with some interaction neighbourhoods even the opposite may hold.     

Spatial interaction modeling of interregional commodity flows

Drawing from both the spatial price equilibrium theoretical framework and the empirical literature on spatial interaction modeling, this paper expands models of interregional commodity flows (CFs) by incorporating new variables and using a flexible Box-Cox functional form. The 1993 US commodity flows survey provides the empirical basis for estimating state-to-state flow models for 16 commodity groups over the 48 continental US states. The optimized Box-Cox specification proves to be superior to the multiplicative one in all cases, while selected variables provide new insights into the determinants of state-to-state CFs.     

ECONOMIC INTERDEPENDENCE AND INTERNATIONAL INTERACTIONS : THE IMPACT OF MARKET POWER ON DYADIC CONFLICT AND COOPERATION

This article presents a theoretical approach to analysing how a country with market power could affect international relations. The liberal view and trade‐conflict model claim that if countries seek to protect their trade gains, trade will reduce conflict between pairs of countries, designated “actors” and “targets”. The main purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of market power on the gains from trade. Once the distribution of trade gains is changed between countries, the conflict and cooperation relationships between countries will also alter. We apply the trade‐conflict model to derive two propositions as follows: (1) the more monopoly power over exports a monopolistic target has, the greater the amount of actor‐to‐target conflict; (2) the more monopsony power over imports a monopolistic target has, the greater the amount of actor‐to‐target conflict. To summarise, these hypotheses will predict that a country with market power reaps the gains from trade and will exhibit less conflict and more cooperation, whilst the country that is exploited will exhibit more conflict and less cooperation.     

社会互动、相对财富关注及股市参与

已有的研究表明,社会互动推动了家庭的股市参与。依据社会互动推动家庭股市参与不同机制的理论基础和预测,本文对不同的具体机制进行了研究,我们发现在局部品支出比例高、收入分布集中度高的区(村),社会互动推动股市参与的作用更显著,这与外部习惯模型及相对财富关注模型的理论预测一致,事前对局部稀缺品的关注使得家庭的股市参与存在外部性。社会互动推动股市参与其他机制的理论预测则未得到数据的支持。     

Product Market Competition,Managerial Incentives and Firm Valuation

This paper contributes to the very small empirical literature on the effects of competition on managerial incentive schemes. Based on a theoretical model that incorporates both strategic interaction between firms and a principal agent relationship, we analyse the relationship between product market competition, incentive schemes and firm valuation. The model predicts a nonlinear relationship between the intensity of product market competition and the strength of managerial incentives. We test the implications of our model empirically based on a unique and hand‐collected dataset comprising over 600 observations on 200 Swiss firms over the 2002–2005 period. Our results suggest that, consistent with the implications of our model, the relation between product market competition and managerial intensive schemes is convex indicating that above a certain level of intensity in product market competition, the marginal effect of competition on the strength of the incentive schemes increases in the level of competition. Moreover, competition is associated with lower firm values. These results are robust to accounting for a potential endogeneity of managerial incentives and firm value in a simultaneous equations framework.     

产业结构与就业结构动态演进与互动效率研究——基于四川省个案分析

促进产业结构与就业结构相协调,是实现四川省产业结构优化调整和劳动力充分就业的根本途径.从产业结构与就业结构的动态演进和互动效率分析可知,四川省的第一、三产业变动对就业变动有增加的趋势,第二产业变动对就业变动有减少的趋势.第一产业就业结构与产业结构的不协调性明显增加,第二、三产业就业结构与产业结构协调化程度逐步增强,第三产业基本实现协调化,据此并提出相应的措施和建议.     

Role thinking: Standing in other people’s shoes to forecast decisions in conflicts

When forecasting decisions in conflict situations, experts are often advised to figuratively stand in the other person’s shoes. We refer to this as “role thinking”, because, in practice, the advice is to think about how other protagonists will view the situation in order to predict their decisions. We tested the effect of role thinking on forecast accuracy. We obtained 101 role-thinking forecasts of the decisions that would be made in nine diverse conflicts from 27 Naval postgraduate students (experts) and 107 role-thinking forecasts from 103 second-year organizational behavior students (novices). The accuracy of the novices’ forecasts was 33% and that of the experts’ was 31%; both were little different from chance (guessing), which was 28%. The small improvement in accuracy from role-thinking strengthens the finding from earlier research that it is not sufficient to think hard about a situation in order to predict the decisions which groups of people will make when they are in conflict. Instead, it is useful to ask groups of role players to simulate the situation. When groups of novice participants adopted the roles of protagonists in the aforementioned nine conflicts and interacted with each other, their group decisions predicted the actual decisions with an accuracy of 60%.