民营经济发展与“重新建立个人所有制”

马克思的“重新建立个人所有制”是“联合起来的个人所有制”,是一种公有制,是劳动者个人能完整地享有所有者权益的所有制。在缺乏自主联合条件的社会主义初级阶段,民营经济对公有制经济的发展起促进作用,但还不是在社会共同占有基础上的个人所有制。要在民营经济与国有经济相协调的过程中不断探索公有制的实现形式。     

基于SCP范式的中国在线旅游服务业实证研究

国内旺盛的商务旅游和自助旅游需求以及互联网的飞速发展催生了中国在线旅游服务业;在线旅游服务业目前正处于其生命周期的快速增长阶段,它的发展已经成为旅游业的一个热点。本文运用产业组织理论的分析框架对在线旅游服务业的现状进行了分析。     

建立政府预算绩效评价体系的思考

随着我国公共财政体制的逐步建立,如何提高预算编制的科学性,如何评价预算资金的使用效益等问题开始变得突出起来.因此,分析和借鉴OECD成员国的有益经验和做法,逐步建立一套适合我国国情的预算绩效评价体系具有重要的理论价值和现实意义.     

Defined benefit versus defined contribution pension plans: How are the interests of employees and the public best served?

Prior to the enactment of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 the rate of formation of defined benefit retirement plans exceeded the rate of formation of defined contribution retirement plans. Following its enactment the trend has been reversed. This article reviews the development of public policy with respect to privately sponsored retirement benefits, takes note of the legislatively mandated regulatory distinctions between defined benefit and defined contribution plans, outlines the distinctions between the plans from the perspective of plan sponsors versus plan participants, and questions the appropriateness of the movement away from defined benefit plans in terms of public policy objectives regarding retirement income security.     

The underpricing of initial public offerings: A theoretical and empirical reconsideration of the adverse selection hypothesis

In this paper we generalize Rock's theory regarding the underpricing of IPOs. In Rock's model, informed investors have a firm-specific informational advantage pertaining to a firm's cash flow. We derive the new results that the level of beta and the size of the market risk premium positively affect underpricing. These implications extend the adverse selection theory and further distinguish this theory from the current state of signalling theories of underpricing. The results put the “hot and cold” issue markets phenomenon in a theoretical context. Empirical results are consistent with the theoretical propositions and provide support for Rock's theory of underpricing.     

Research issues for employee empowerment in hospitality organisations

Employee empowerment is said to have much to offer hospitality organisations. Empowered employees will respond to customer needs as they arise, they will react appropriately to customer complaints, and they will develop a sense of ownership taking personal pride in ensuring that service encounters are a success. A more considered approach suggests that claims for employee empowerment need to take account of different definitions and meanings used by managers. They fail to recognise the initiatives which are called empowering take different forms which result in different working arrangements and boundaries for what the empowered can do, and represent different benefits to employees and employers. Whatever the intentions of managers, the effects of empowerment will be mediated by the experiences of the empowered. There are likely to be tensions between managerial intentions and employee experiences of empowerment. This paper suggests that there is unlikely to be a simple trade-off between empowering employees and improved organisational performance. A framework of analysis is needed which both examines each step in the process and the effects created.     

“长三角”旅游服务质量预警机制建立的研究

打造中国旅游的“金三角”,苏、浙、沪三地必须实现旅游资源的整合。而建立有效的旅游服务质量预警机制是实现旅游资源整合的基础。     

关于网络行业竞争与接入定价的理论分析

网络行业在引入竞争后,很难再保证其普遍服务目标的实现。本文根据进入者进入情况的不同,从理论上分析了针对不同的情况,管制者应如何设立普遍服务基金及制定相庆的接入价格,使得网络行业在保证普遍服务目标实现的同时,又能有效竞争,提高这些行业的经营效率。     

Effects of health information on Nordic meat and fish demand

Increasing public concerns about health risks associated with dietary intakes of cholesterol are expected to have significant impacts on the demand for foods with high fat content. This paper investigates how information about cholesterol, as measured by two newly constructed indices based on published medical research, has affected the demand for meats (beef, chicken and pork) and fish in the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden). To compare the effects of information across countries and over time, the demand equations for all the countries are estimated within one system, and a complete set of price and expenditure elasticities is estimated. Our findings suggest that health information has affected consumption in a healthy way in all countries studied except for Denmark. We find positive effects on the demand for chicken in Finland, Norway and Sweden and for fish in Finland and Sweden. A negative effect on the demand for beef in Sweden also is found. First version received: May 2001/Final version received: December 2001 RID="*" ID="*"  The authors would like to thank Wen S. Chern and Bj?rn Sl?en for their assistance in the construction of the health information indices. The suggestions of two anonymous referees have also been of great assistance. The EU (contract FAIRS-CT97-3373) and the Research Council of Norway (grant no. 134018/110) provided financial support for this research.”     

A Theory of Menu Federalism: Decentralization by Political Agreement

This paper analyzes agreements between governments that determine the division of policy-making power between central and regional governments. Our analysis demonstrates that initial circumstances and political risks affect the degree of centralization that will be adopted, and that asymmetric forms of federalism are often consequences of ongoing negotiations between regional and central governments over the assignment of policy-making authority. We analyze three settings where gains from constitutional exchange may exist: (i) the under-centralized state, (ii) the over-centralized state, and (iii) the constitutional convention. In each case, an asymmetric form of federalism is the predicted outcome, although the degree of asymmetry differs according to starting point. Modern and historical examples are used to illustrate the relevance of our analysis.