The Gender Wealth Gap in Europe: Application of Machine Learning to Predict Individual-level Wealth

This article provides comparative estimates of the gender wealth gaps for 22 European countries, employing data from the Household Finance and Consumption Survey. The data on wealth are collected at the household level, while individual-level data are needed for the estimates of gender wealth gaps. We propose a novel approach using machine learning and model averaging methods to predict individual-level wealth data for multi-person households. Our results suggest that random forest performs best as the predicting tool for this exercise, outperforming elastic net and Bayesian model averaging. The estimated gender wealth gaps tend to be in favor of men, especially at the top of the wealth distribution. Men have 24 percent more wealth than women on average. We also find that a high home ownership rate is associated with a smaller country-level gender wealth gap. Our estimates suggest that the individual-level wealth inequality is on average 3 pp higher than the household-level wealth inequality in multi-member households.     

山东省农业支持政策调查

主要调查研究入世以来山东省农业支持政策中的国内支持和市场准入问题;对国内支持的调查研究包括农业财政补贴政策、农村税费改革、农业保险制度,对市场准入的调查研究主要围绕农产品的进出口而展开;提出若干建设性思考。     

Seasonal Adjustment in a Market for Female Agricultural Workers

This article explores seasonal adjustment in the market for temporary agricultural labor. We estimate a model of participation allowing for unobserved heterogeneity and endogeneity/selection bias using daily observations from Chilean panel data, and a model of daily earnings. Results indicate that seasonal wage variation is an important aspect of labor-market adjustment, contributing to a large change in labor force participation. The labor force participation rate of women is significantly more elastic to changes in the expected wage than is that for men. Nonetheless, we find evidence of substantial open unemployment during the slack season, especially for females, probably due to frictional and efficiency wage effects.     

On the Legislative Investigation and Analysis of Criminal defendant’s Access to the Right to counsel

我国法律规定了被告人享有辩护权,并且这种权利的行使可以得到律师的帮助,律师在刑事诉讼中的职责就是依据事实和法律为委托人进行辩护,维护其合法权益。但是从现行制度下被告人和辩护律师所享有的权利来考察,很难说被告人真正地、充分地享有辩护权,因为在刑事诉讼中被告人和辩护律师所享有的权利十分有限,辩护律师在刑事诉讼中也不享有完整的辩护权,同时司法现况与被告人获得律师帮助权的基本要求差距甚大。本文对我国被告人获得律师帮助权制度及其运行进行了考察,并对相关问题进行了分析。     

农产品国际市场准入技术措施研究

本文针对我国农产品贸易现状,研究分析了美国、日本、欧盟和韩国等国家农产品市场准入技术措施的特点和现状,提出了应对国际市场准入措施的对策。     

面向新闻领域的中文实体关系抽取

随着互联网技术的快速发展,人们能够及时地获取大量的新闻文本信息,如何从新闻中自动获取关键信息,把新闻中具有价值的信息转化为结构化数据,从而快速有效地获取有用的知识已是迫切需求。实体关系抽取是获取关键信息的方法之一,但目前关于中文的实体关系抽取工作较少。针对基于长短时记忆网络的中文实体识别模型难于提取长距离的依存关系特征和句法特征问题,提出利用双向树形长短时记忆神经网络提取依存句法树的结构特征。在提取的特征的基础上,使用条件随机场判断实体的类别和边界,并在实体识别模型中加入注意力机制提高模型的性能。在《人民日报》数据集和ACE 2005语料库上训练模型,验证了模型的有效性。     

双线性有限元Monte Carlo方法

本文构造了矩形有限元的概率算法,应用这种方法可以直接求出有限元解在一个或少数几个网格点的近似值。     

Comparing risk attitudes of organic and non-organic farmers with a Bayesian random coefficient model

Organic farming is usually considered to be more risky thanconventional farming, but the risk aversion of organic farmerscompared with that of conventional farmers has not been studied.Using a non-structural approach to risk estimation, a Bayesianrandom coefficient model is used to obtain individual Arrow–Prattcoefficients of absolute risk aversion for a sample of Dutchorganic and non-organic arable farmers. The model is estimatedusing Gibbs sampling. The results indicate that organic farmersare significantly less risk averse than their non-organic colleagues.     

3G背景下电信竞争模型与接入规制政策研究

3G正在重组我国的电信产业组织,同时对电信运营商商业竞争模式的变革提出要求。本文构建3G背景下电信竞争模型,分析垄断运营商的网络规模决策及网络竞争的福利效应,并对电信接入定价决策及接入规制政策进行分析。本文的主要结论是:垄断运营商缺乏提供普遍服务的激励;在网络规模非对等下,引入电信竞争通常是社会低效率的;在位者提供瓶颈资源的接入定价是社会低效率的,可以采用基于机会成本的有效元素定价对接入服务予以规制。     

动态联盟与中小企业的成长

在竞争激烈、产品快速升级换代的环境下,中小企业难以完全依靠自身力量立足并取得发展,中小企业成长依赖于外部资源获取,而资源获取渠道又通常来自于各种关系交织成的复杂、交叉重叠的社会网络,文章将中小企业与动态联盟联系起来,对动态联盟这种新的企业运作模式在中小企业成长所起的作用进行论述。