Generalized densities of order statistics

Let X ₁, ... , X _n be independent identically distributed random variables with distribution F . We derive expressions for generalized joint 'densities' of order statistics of X ₁, ... , X _n , for arbitrary distributions F , in terms of Radon–Nikodym derivatives with respect to product measures based on F . We then give formulae for conditional distributions of order statistics and use them to derive results concerning Markov properties of order statistics, formulae for distributions of trimmed sums, and other useful representations. Our approach leads to simple and natural expressions which appear not to have been given before.     

我国应确立公司设立无效制度

公司设立无效制度是外国公司法的一项重要制度,为受侵害的当事人提供了一条司法救济途径.通过对公司设立无效的内涵、外国立法例、法律类型的分析,提出确认设立无效的法律途径,并针对公司设立无效可能带来的负面效应提出了相应限制和矫正措施,以期对我公司立法有所助益.     

The continuing need for affirmative action

Affirmative action is defined as the steps taken to end the absence in jobs, schools, and honored positions of members of groups that have been subordinated. Its purpose is to reduce discrimination, to reduce income disparities between groups, and to promote diversity by gender and race in every role and activity. The persistence of occupational segregation by sex and race to a degree that cannot be explained by differences in qualifications or voluntary behavior testifies to the need for further action. Alternatives to affirmative action, such as helping people regardless of race or sex from disadvantaged backgrounds, “just enforcing the law against discrimination”, or waiting for educational improvements to bring groups better qualifications would not do the job affirmative action is designed to do.     

Eighteenth-Century Evolutionary Thought and its Relevance in the Age of Legislation

This essay revisits the evolutionist writingsof the eighteenth century to clarify their key ideas concerninglegal and social evolution and to assess their relevance in thepresent era of pervasive legislation. The discovery of the principleof the accumulation of design is traced to these writings andthe continuity of twentieth century spontaneous-order theoryand new institutional economics with this tradition is noted.While highlighting the contributions of other institutional theoriststo the elucidation of the role of purposive action in legal evolution,the author argues that input designing does not alter the fundamentalnature of legal emergence as postulated by the eighteenth centuryscholars. The essay supports the ideal of legal generality, freespeech, property and contractual freedom as normative implicationsof the evolutionary viewpoint.     

基于赤道原则的移民安置行动计划

文章简述了赤道原则体系及其适用范围，以老挝南塔河1#水电站为实例，探讨了移民安置行动计划与赤道原则的符合性。研究认为，该项移民安置行动计划与赤道原则具有一致性。     

金融衍生工具带来的会计问题

本世纪７０ 年代初，由于布雷顿森林体系瓦解，金融创新对会计基本理论产生了冲击。为了对金融衍生工具进行确认、计量和报告， 本文从金融衍生工具带来的会计问题开始， 讨论了国际会计学术界的工作和衍生工具现状与发展前景。     

论中国寻租社会成本的量度

中国寻租社会成本的量度可以从两个不同的视角进行分析通过寻租社会成本的计量公式可以求出不包括外部性在内的中国寻租的社会成本;从外部性角度考虑,可以通过亚当·斯密的职业选择理论,抽象出一个模型来分析影响政府人选择职业的各种因素,从而剖析我国的寻租活动的社会成本.     

Provision of Step-Level Public Goods with Uncertain Provision Threshold and Continuous Contribution

Common to most theoretical and empirical research on public goods is the assumption that the parameters of the game are common knowledge. Recent theoretical and empirical studies have questioned this assumption by arguing that many public goods situations are characterized by uncertainty regarding various aspects of the situation. In particular, Suleiman (1997) argued that members of production groups of step-level public goods are often uncertain about the value of the provision threshold. For this type of uncertainty he proposed three distinct models to account for the individual's contribution.The present study reports the results of an experiment designed primarily to test and contrast the predictions derived from two of these models – a subjective expected utility model and a cooperative model – regarding the effects of threshold uncertainty on contribution for the provision of step-level public goods. Other goals of the study were to test the joint effect of the threshold uncertainty level, and its mean (low vs. high), on contribution, and to examine the effect of threshold uncertainty on the individuals' estimates regarding the contributions of other group members.The results show that the effect of threshold uncertainty is moderated by the threshold mean: Contribution to the public good increased as a function of uncertainty for the lower threshold mean, and decreased (though not significantly) for the higher threshold mean. In contrast, for the two threshold means the subjects' estimates of the mean and variability of others' contribution increased with threshold uncertainty.The models' comparison revealed that the cooperative model was superior to the subjective expected utility model. This result adds to a substantial body of research on social dilemmas showing that under conditions of social (strategic) uncertainty, group members tacitly coordinate their choice behavior by anchoring their decisions on rules of fairness.     

行为科学对经济社会发展的推动作用

行为科学作为管理科学的基础之一，它的发展，为科技教育和经济社会发展带来了新的推动。它研究需要动机理论和群体行为、领导行为及劳动的心理活动，这些都直接促进人力资源的管理和开发，推动社会主义现代化建设。     

我国无效婚姻立法之问题疏理与破解路径

我国无效婚姻的立法不完善，是实务案件审理难的主要症结。未来立法修改时，应当增设原则规范，以弥补类型列举的疏漏；明确对过错方的责任认定和对无过错方的损害赔偿；检察院参与诉讼，保证无被申请人的诉讼中各方利益关系人的合法权益；区分婚姻不成立与婚姻的无效和可撤销。同时，加快家事诉讼立法，以统一的、专门的程序处理包括无效婚姻和可撤销婚姻在内的婚姻家庭纠纷。