雇主视角下的高级技工短缺问题探析

针对我国高级技工短缺问题,从雇主视角出发,构建"委托—代理"模型对专业技能培养的投资行为进行数理推导,并在此基础上对雇佣双方的行动策略作单次动态博弈与重复动态博弈分析。结果表明由于存在技工离职的风险,企业会选择放弃对高级技工培养进行投资。为此,建议企业实施有利于雇佣双方在技能培养中采取合作行为的管理措施,为培养高级技工创造良好的博弈环境。     

THE BURDEN OF DURABLE ASSET ACQUISITION IN GROWING POPULATIONS

While most analyses of economic impacts of population growth have been equivocal, this article describes a new perspective from which the effects are strongly negative. The economies and diseconomies of population size are largely circumstantial and empirically inconsistent, but those of growth rate are intrinsic and consistent. These impacts are not apparent on income and per capita GDP, but on costs. The article estimates these costs using the logic of calculus rather than marginal accounting. Specifically, the cost of maintaining per capita capacity of durable assets, including infrastructure, equipment and skilled personnel, is increased by population growth by a factor proportional to the working lifespan of the asset class.     

H‐1B and L‐1 visa‐sponsored guest workers in the USA: An analysis of the strategic impact of Indian and other firms

Organizational sponsors of guest workers to the United States claim foreign‐born workers enhance productivity and innovation. Drawing upon a unique dataset of all organizational sponsors of guest workers in the United States from 1993 to 2008, we find a 10% increase in guest worker sponsorship is associated with a 2.2–3.1% increase in patenting within firms. Furthermore, we examine how organizational industry and country of origin are associated with the effects of guest worker sponsorship on organization‐level measures of innovation and productivity. Despite an overall within‐firm positive association between sponsorship and patenting, higher percentages of a firm's workers on visas are associated with lower patenting, but higher labor productivity. Firm‐level industry and country of origin heterogeneity is significantly related to the relationship between guest work sponsorship and both patent‐related and nonpatent investment in innovation such as research and development (R&D) expenditures. Semiconductor firms and universities spend more on R&D in conjunction with guest worker sponsorship, while semiconductor companies and hardware companies patent less. We discuss theoretical and human resource implications, and offer suggestions for future research.     

浅析唐山矿业公司高技能人才接续的问题

在市场经济条件下企业的竞争归根到底就是人才的竞争,人才是强企之根本,是企业发展的重要战略资源,而作为以劳动密集型为特征的煤炭企业高技能人才接续管理显得极其重要。本文以开滦集团下属的唐山矿业分公司为例,找出目前在高技能人才接续过程中存在的人才短缺问题,提出相应的解决办法和措施。     

Open trade and skilled and unskilled labor productivity in developing countries: A panel data analysis

Abstract

This paper examines the effect of trade openness on the productivity of skilled and unskilled labor in a group of 36 developing countries using panel data and fixed effect approach. We have developed and utilized an empirical model that readily lends itself to testing the hypothesis posed. Our results support the hypothesis that trade openness has a positive and significant impact on labor productivity for both skilled and unskilled labor in the sample countries. We also observe that the beneficial effect of trade openness is relatively stronger for the skilled labor than the unskilled labor. We conclude that contrary to the claim made by Mayda and Rodrik (2001 Mayda, A. M. and Rodrik, D. 2001. “Why are some people (and countries) more protectionist than others? A cross country analysis”. Mimeo: Harvard University.  [Google Scholar]), skilled workers in developing countries may oppose protectionism. When adjusting for the purchasing power parity, the impact of trade openness on labor productivity, although positive and significant, is not as pronounced as it is for other definitions of openness.     

电气自动化技术专业高技能人才立体化培训模式探索

随着社会、经济和科技的进步,高新技术的发展与应用已经渗透到生产和生活的各个领域,企业对高技能人才队伍建设提出了新的要求.本文针对电气自动化专业的学科特色,分析并探讨“门店＋网络＋学习中心”的“立体化”高技能人才培训模式.     

Running Havana: Observations on the Political Economy of Sport Tourism in Cuba

Abstract

Sport tourism is a booming global business that has different costs and benefits for distinctive societies depending upon both global and local socio‐cultural, political and economic factors. With more than 130 officially sanctioned events worldwide, marathon running has developed to become a key feature of the international sport tourism calendar. This paper provides an ethnographic account of the 2005 Marabana – the Havana Marathon. After consideration of some of the central conceptual and historical issues pertinent to sport tourism in relation to the marathon in general, it uses this race and the events surrounding it as a critical window into Cuba’s complex contemporary political economy. Detailed consideration is given to the special conditions that have led to the development of the Island’s sport tourism industry and the consequences of that development in terms of Cuba’s political heritage. What sets Cuba apart from the tourist economies of its Caribbean neighbours is its continued commitment to the economic and political principles of communism and its strained and tense relationship with the United States. The paper concludes by pointing to the social and economic contradictions associated with the development of a tourist economy that is essentially capitalist within a society that is avowedly communist.     

PBL教学在《超声诊断技术》综合设计性实训教学中的应用与体会

近年,我国高职高专院校高素质技能性人才的培养已成为大家关注的焦点问题。如何在综合设计性超声诊断技术实训教学中调动学生的积极性和主动性、保证教学质量、提高教学效果,该文就PBL教学在超声诊断综合设计性实训中的实施等方面进行阐述和评价,并概括了PBL方法在实训中应用的几点体会。     

Effect of Trade on the Demand for Skilled and Unskilled Workers

We use an input–output model to examine the effects of trade and domestic consumption, technology and labor productivity on skilled and unskilled worker demand. We found that trade was not the major contributor to changes in demand for skilled and unskilled labor during 1972–92, counter to the continuing debate on the trade-widening wage gap linkage. We found that skill intensity, i.e. the ratio of high-skilled to low-skilled workers for exports compared with imports, exceeded one during 1972–92, but did not increase. We explore alternative definitions of skilled and unskilled, and find our results to be robust to these alternative definitions.     

国际贸易专业技能型紧缺人才培养问题研究

随着中国对外开放的不断深化,对国际贸易人才的需求日益增加,国际与经济贸易领域的技能型人才已成为紧缺人才。目前许多高校的国际贸易专业毕业生就业难,而企业却又缺乏相关人才。这一现象的主要原因是高校培养的国际贸易专业人才与社会需求相脱节,造成毕业生学而不能用,单位需而不愿招的现象。针对这一现象就目前高校国际贸易技能型紧缺人才的培养模式进行研究,并提出相关建议。