Smallholder participation in vegetable exports and age‐disaggregated labor allocation in Northern Tanzania

Modern agricultural supply chains have been playing an increasingly important role in developing countries and have had significant effects on rural labor markets. This article analyses the effects of smallholder farmer participation in export vegetable supply chains in Northern Tanzania on both household hired labor demand and off‐farm labor supply, using an age‐disaggregated approach. In our sample, neither separability nor exogeneity of smallholder farmer participation in export supply chains can be rejected. Hence, we apply lognormal double‐hurdle models and find that participation in export supply chains positively affects households’ decision to hire labor from all age groups. We also find that it increases the unconditional overall level of hired labor demand, while the age‐disaggregated analysis shows that these effects mostly benefit rural youth. However, our sample does not allow us to establish statistically significant evidence of an effect on household off‐farm labor supply although the point estimates point to nonnegligible positive effect sizes.     

The fallacy of the heavy buyer: Exploring purchasing frequencies of fresh fruit and vegetable categories

‘Avocado lover,’ ‘banana lover,’ or ‘berry lover’ – these words are starting to dominate the contemporary marketing campaigns for fresh fruit and vegetable categories. Such campaigns assume that there are sizable buyer segments who purchase a particular fresh category more frequently, who are contributing a larger portion of sales, and who will continue to do so into the future. Yet, an established body of empirical evidence from consumer packaged goods (CPG) categories suggests that these assumptions could be false. The current study empirically examines fresh category purchasing behavior (through a large Nielsen US panel data) by applying three known models: the Negative Binomial Distribution, the Pareto share, and the stability over time analysis (buyers and sales contribution). This study compares the results and finds that despite many differences between fresh and CPG categories, buyers' purchasing behavior follows the same established benchmarks patterns as those observed in CPG contexts. There are many more infrequent or light buyers than heavy ‘lovers’; the heavy buyers contribute roughly 60% of sales; they are purchasing less frequently, and contributing fewer sales as time goes by. These findings carry important implications for marketers, retailers, and farmers of fresh categories. Specifically, the results show which marketing campaigns (i.e., those highly targeted at ‘lovers’ or those with a mass marketing appeal) are better grounded in the empirical evidence about buyer behavior which has the highest probability of increasing consumption.     

International competitiveness of Turkish agriculture: a case for horticultural products

This paper defines competitiveness as the ability of a country to increase its share of domestic and export markets, especially when they have a comparative advantage in a product and can produce at a lower opportunity cost. This paper briefly covers the theoretical information on this topic and provides empirical evidence of how domestic resource cost (DRC) can determine international competitiveness. A country is said to have a comparative advantage in the production of tradable goods if that country's production is efficient; if not, then it has a comparative disadvantage. The concept of comparative advantage has two meanings: The first definition states that efficiency of production is compared to two or more trading nations, and when the nations with the lowest opportunity costs are relatively more efficient, they have a comparative advantage. The other meaning of comparative advantage refers to the efficiency of different kinds of production within the domestic economy, which are compared in terms of earnings or savings of a unit of foreign exchange. Turkey seems to have a comparative advantage in plant products that do not exhibit economies of scale and are relatively labour-intensive, i.e. fruits and vegetables eliminating border and non-tariff barriers to trade in agriculture would allow both sides to exploit their comparative advantages better.     

高原夏菜产业发展现状、存在问题及对策建议——基于甘肃省榆中县的调研

高原夏菜是在西北高原地区冷凉气候条件下生产的蔬菜,在国内外市场上具有较高知名度。文章通过实地调研与查阅相关文献资料,以甘肃省榆中县为例分析总结了高原夏菜产业发展现状。经过多年的发展壮大,高原夏菜形成了产业化发展格局,开拓了稳定的内外市场,培育了国内知名的品牌,带动了农民增收致富。通过调研发现,当前产业发展存在着产业链条受限,科技支撑不足;产业主导力弱,抵御市场风险能力不强;种植规模分散,组织化程度低;农民种植水平不高,技术推广力度不足;尾菜等废弃物处理不当,造成环境污染与浪费等问题。在总结分析产业发展现状与存在问题的基础上,提出了强化政策统筹,健全产业发展机制;加强科技支撑,促进产学研结合;加快品牌建设,创新产销模式;发展规模种植,促进标准化生产;夯实农民培训,加强农技推广体系建设等方面的对策建议。     

Potential Impacts of Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (T-TIP) on the Fresh Vegetable and Beef Trade

ABSTRACT

The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (T-TIP) negotiations influence the global economic position of both the European Union (EU) and the United States (U.S.). Agricultural issues are an important part of the negotiation. There have been several analyses of the aggregate impacts of a T-TIP agreement. This report analyzes the commodity impacts on trade for fresh vegetables and beef. Vegetables represent the situation where the U.S. is a growing net importer and the EU has substantial potential for expanding exports to the U.S. in this highly competitive marketplace. Beef represents the situation where sanitary and phytosanitary restrictions on hormone use in production have prohibited consumer choices from being revealed in the marketplace for both the EU and the U.S. The authors provide insight into where the comparative advantages lie in freer trade situations.     

城市蔬菜配送平台模式研究

从成都益加新城市蔬菜配送平台的功能构建和结构设计角度,结合实际运营模式,分析了平台的系统构成,同时指出了平台今后的发展方向,具有广泛的实践意义,兼具经济效益与社会效益。     

浅析呼和浩特市蔬菜配送业的发展

通过对呼和浩特蔬菜配送现状的调研,列举存在的诸如配送组织规模小且分散、配送功能单一、配送手段落后、品牌意识淡薄和质量管理落后等问题,针对这些问题进行综合分析,同时提出了相应的建议及对策。     

基于GIS的果蔬直接配送物流商务平台研究

在分析我国目前果蔬流通过程中存在的问题基础上,提出通过建设大型果蔬生产基地来整合生产主体,以实现有计划、规模化地生产,通过建立基于GIS/GPS的配送调度中心实现对果蔬的直接配送,以达到提高果蔬流通效率、降低物流成本、提高供应链整体效益。最后基于果蔬直接配送物流商务信息的特征,对果蔬产品流通专业GIS静、动态图层、可追溯条码、相关数据库及主要功能模块进行了研究和设计。     

我国蔬菜行业协会的供求分析与发展完善

我国蔬菜产业近年来迅猛发展,尤其是设施栽培出现之后更使得蔬菜产业不断壮大。蔬菜行业规模的扩大衍生出来对行业协会制度的需求,而且蔬菜行业协会对蔬菜产业的发展具有相当重要的作用,但是现实情况却是我国蔬菜行业协会制度存在大量问题,供给不足。因此,要在构建我国蔬菜行业协会发展的外部环境的基础上,促进我国蔬菜行业协会建立和完善,以期引导我国蔬菜产业的发展壮大。     

Chinese Vegetable Safety Administration Problems, Causes and Countermeasures

From the perspective of the entire vegetables supply chain, i.e. ＂from field to table＂, this paper systematically analyzes the main causes to affect vegetable safety of China. The gap between Chinese vegetable safety administration and that of developed countries is then described. Based on the experiences of vegetable safety administration the developed countries, countermeasures are forwarded to facilitate Chinese vegetable safety administration.