新乡市休闲农业SWOT分析及对策

本文利用SWOT方法分析了新乡市发展休闲农业所具备的优势、劣势以及面临的机遇和威胁,并针对其如何发展提出了相应的对策。     

The Development, Challenge and Innovation of Agriculture Insurance： Climate Index Insurance＇s Experience Worldwide and The Role Government Playing

本文从国际国内两个层面回顾了农业保险发展进程及现状，分析传统农业保险面临的严峻挑战（主要是财务绩效不理想、缺乏可持续性），对创新型农业保险——指数保险的国际和国内实践进行较为全面和系统的分析，并结合国情就政府在推动指数保险发展方面的角色发挥提出了针对性建议。     

Presidential Address: The Visible or Invisible Hand? The Balance Between Markets and Regulation in Agricultural Policy

The recent crisis in global financial markets has brought into question reliance on markets to determine the conduct of economic affairs and generated pressure for greater regulation and government control. Neither a neoliberal nor a neoregulatory approach is likely to be able to solve pressing problems affecting agriculture and natural resources, such as a deterioration in environmental quality and the challenge of climate change. To find solutions we need to employ a more realistic behavioural model than that typically used in economic analysis, and to recognise the key role played by values in individual and collective decision making. A more devolved approach to policy formation based on collective action seems to offer the greatest chance of success. More effort needs to be directed to understanding the drivers and processes of collective decision making, and how it can be harnessed to address pressing policy issues.     

安徽省农业产业结构的调整与优化

本文在分析安徽省农业产业结构现状的基础上,提出了安徽省农业产业结构调整与优化的主要任务及相对应的措施。     

Competitive politics, simplified heuristics, and preferences for public goods

This paper examines the role of simplified heuristics in the formation of preferences for public goods. Political scientists have suggested that voters use simplified heuristics based on the positions of familiar parties to infer how a proposed policy will affect them and to cast a vote in line with their interests and values. Here, we use a two-stage field-survey experiment to investigate how knowledge of party positions affects policy choices. We followed standard procedures in developing an attribute-based choice experiment on alternative land-use policies in Switzerland. In contrast to the usual formulation, however, the hypothetical costs of the proposed policies were formulated as a percentage change in taxes. The benefit of this formulation relative to the usual absolute money amounts is that the credibility of the (hypothetical) costs for respondents does not depend on respondent income. Furthermore, the formulation allowed us to solicit party positions on the proposed policies. Six out of eight contacted parties provided their positions. We then conducted a split-sample mail survey where we included a table of the party positions with a subsample of the questionnaires. We report six main experimental results. (1) The response rate of the survey was unaffected by the party positions. (2) The proportion of no-choice answers was decreased by forty percent relative to the control. (3) The party information significantly affected the choices directly and in interaction with respondents' general attitudes towards public spending for nature and landscape conservation and thus affected the way how individuals mapped from general attitudes to preferences for specific policies. (4) The information interacted with educational level in only eight out of forty choice sets, suggesting that even the more educated relied on simplified heuristics. (5) Respondents who knew the party positions were more sensitive to the tax attribute. (6) For respondents with medium and higher tax bills, the resulting willingness-to-pay estimates were decreased by a factor of two to ten relative to the control. These findings suggest that the party information helped the respondents to articulate more consistent preferences than in the treatment without the party information.     

The fourth industrial revolution,agricultural and rural innovation,and implications for public policy and investments: a case of India

The Indian Government and public–private partnerships are developing and disseminating a dizzying number of innovative, networked solutions, broadly known as the Digital India initiative, to increase the efficiency of safety nets and worker productivity and to improve life. Yet, challenges to turn the power of information and other technologies into a farmer‐friendly technological revolution for India's 156 million rural households are considerable, including: (1) reliable, up‐to‐date, location‐specific message content for a diverse agriculture to help stratified households shift to productive, knowledge‐intensive agriculture as a business—government, private sector, and civil society have big roles to play; (2) digital literacy, i.e., teaching farmers how to choose and use apps, even where the digital divide is absent; apps are, or soon to be, in regional languages; and (3) monitoring actual use and impacts on users’ lives by understanding the adoption and adaptation processes. These challenges call for bottom‐up, complementary investments in physical, human, and institutional capital, and farmer‐friendly e‐platforms, while forging ahead with many top‐down policy and institutional reforms currently underway, in which progress is real and constraints holding back greater success are better understood.     

弱质农业对日本参与区域经济合作的影响

20世纪90年代末以前,由于担心其弱质农业遭受严重冲击等原因,日本一直对区域一体化持消极甚至批评的态度。此后,其对原有的政策进行了谨慎的调整,先后与8个国家和1个区域组织签署了包括贸易自由化内容的经济伙伴关系协定。在日本与有关国家就签署经济伙伴关系协定的谈判过程中,农产品市场开放问题一直是焦点问题之一,谈判的进展、有关协定的内容都在很大程度上受此影响。从其对弱质农业的保护政策来看,尽管日本将会更加积极地参与区域经济合作,但与主要农业大国达成有关协议的难度将非常大。     

环渤海地区农业水资源供需矛盾与对策

近年来，环渤海地区农业水资源总量少，污染严重，地下水开采过度，城镇用水挤占农业用水，水的供需矛盾越来越尖锐，水资源成为制约农业可持续发展的主要因素。针对该区具体的水资源状况，建议采取开源、节流、治污等方面的对策。     

结构优化对农业增长的贡献

农业结构优化可促进农业增长是学术界的共识，但许多学者在评估中国农业增长的影响因素时都没有考虑到此因素。本文采用土地生产率分解法，将农业增长的决定因素分解为非结构优化因素和结构优化因素，利用中国1979～2004年土地生产率数据，分别计量其对农业增长的影响。结果发现：农业结构优化对中国改革开放前期的农业增长具有显著影响，而对中国改革开放后期的影响较弱。     

The impact of urban expansion on agricultural land use intensity in China

China's urbanization has resulted in significant changes in both agricultural land and agricultural land use. However, there is limited understanding about the relationship between the two primary changes occurring to China's agricultural land – the urban expansion on agricultural land and agricultural land use intensity. The goal of this paper is to understand this relationship in China using panel econometric methods. Our results show that urban expansion is associated with a decline in agricultural land use intensity. The area of cultivated land per capita, a measurement about land scarcity, is negatively correlated with agricultural land use intensity. We also find that GDP in the industrial sector negatively affects agricultural land use intensity. GDP per capita and agricultural investments both positively contribute to the intensification of agricultural land use. Our results, together with the links between urbanization, agricultural land, and agricultural production imply that agricultural land expansion is highly likely with continued urban expansion and that pressures on the country's natural land resources will remain high in the future.