Pollution without subsidy? What is the environmental performance index overlooking?

Agriculture is heavily subsidized in most Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, and environmental externalities can occur due to pollution caused by protectionist policies. This study examines the structure of agricultural protection in OECD countries from a chronological and comparative perspective. In addition, the policy-environment interaction is scrutinized to better explain the environmental implications of agricultural policies in the era of globalization. This paper critically evaluates the environmental performance index and recommends that this index includes polluting inputs in future calculations.     

Beyond biofuels: Assessing global land use for domestic consumption of biomass: A conceptual and empirical contribution to sustainable management of global resources

Consumption of natural resources should not exceed sustainable levels. The increasing use of biofuels and to some extent biomaterials, on top of rising food and feed demands, is causing countries to use a growing amount of global land, which may lead to land use conflicts and the expansion of cropland and intensive cultivation at the expense of natural ecosystems. Selective product certification cannot control the land use change triggered by growing overall biomass consumption. We propose a comprehensive approach to account for the global land use of countries for their domestic consumption, and assess this level with regard to globally acceptable levels of resource use, based on the concept of safe operating space. It is shown that the European Union currently uses one-third more cropland than globally available on a per capita basis and that with constant consumption levels it would exceed its fair share of acceptable resource use in 2030. As the use of global forests to meet renewable energy targets is becoming a concern, an approach to account for sustainable levels of timber flows is also proposed, based on the use of net annual increment, exemplified with preliminary data for Switzerland. Altogether, our approach would integrate the concept of sustainable consumption into national resource management plans; offering a conceptual basis and concrete reference values for informed policy making and urging countries to monitor and adjust their levels of resource consumption in a comprehensive way, respectful of the limits of sustainable supply.     

中国涉农供应链管理研究:现状与问题分析

近十二年间,在实践推动及学科交叉互动的背景下,我国涉农供应链(ARSC)研究发展很快,并呈现出一些鲜明的特征。从功能和职能视角看,质量安全、可追溯、冷链、利益与关系管理等方面成为研究的热点。但总体上,这一领域存在着定位模糊、功能性研究薄弱、理论体系散乱、个案挖掘与实证分析不足、连续研究乏力和成果泛化等突出问题。此外,与国外研究相比,一些难点、重点现实问题及其他前沿问题的研究亟需展开。为此,本文对中国涉农供应链管理研究的现状和存在的问题进行了分析。     

由日本东北大地震看日本现行的农业灾害补偿制度

"3.11"日本东北大地震的主要受灾地区是日本重要的农业地区之一。灾区农林水产业受损巨大。按日本现有的灾害应对机制,本次损失弥补的资金来源将是多元的,其中,包括基于《日本农业灾害补偿法》而建立的日本农业灾害补偿制度。本文在对大地震对日本农业的影响作分析后,也对日本农业灾害补偿制度的建立背景、互助共济与政府支持相结合的组织结构、发展演变与这一制度的的实施状况作了分析。     

农林高校毕业生涉农领域就业的路径研究

众所周知,我国是农业大国,但农业发展仍存在很多问题,与发达国家相比差距较大,究其原因主要是人才匮乏。近年来,我国农林高校毕业生就业主要以市场配置为主,由于各地区发展客观上存在巨大差距,大量毕业生流向中东部地区大城市或中心城市,而以农业为主的中小城市、城镇乡村却无人问津,其就业出现结构性失衡。面临这种现实情况,如何使农林高校毕业生成为现代农业发展亟需的农业人力资本,引导其充实到农村发挥专业之所长,成为当前农业发展的一个重要命题。     

基于比较优势理论的西藏"三农"问题研究

“三农”问题是我国构建和谐社会的重点问题,同样,西藏“三农”问题的解决是构建和谐西藏的关键。本文在大卫.李嘉图的比较优势理论指导下,通过SWOT分析法分析了西藏“三农”自身存在的优势和劣势以及面临的外部机遇和威胁,并提出了相关对策,希望对西藏“三农”问题的解决有所裨益。     

Measures of the effects of agricultural practices on ecosystem services

Agriculture produces more than just crops. Agricultural practices have environmental impacts that affect a wide range of ecosystem services, including water quality, pollination, nutrient cycling, soil retention, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity conservation. In turn, ecosystem services affect agricultural productivity. Understanding the contribution of various agricultural practices to the range of ecosystem services would help inform choices about the most beneficial agricultural practices. To accomplish this, however, we must overcome a big challenge in measuring the impact of alternative agricultural practices on ecosystem services and of ecosystem services on agricultural production. A framework is presented in which such indicators can be interpreted as well as the criteria for selection of indicators. The relationship between agricultural practices and land-use change and erosion impact on chemical use is also discussed. Together these ideas form the basis for identifying useful indicators for quantifying the costs and benefits of agricultural systems for the range of ecosystem services interrelated to agriculture.     

当前我国农业产业安全度评估

我国是一个农业大国,对我国农业产业安全度进行合理的评估非常必要。本文首先构建了由农业产业环境、农业产业国际竞争力、农业产业对外依赖程度组成的农业产业安全评估指标体系,对我国农业产业安全进行了分析评估,并根据设置的权重计算出我国农业产业安全度,得出当前我国农业产业基本安全的结论。     

农村公共产品、农民国民待遇与农业发展

农村公共产品的供给不足和农民自我国负担也是农民负担。随着中国加入WTO，政府对农业产业的支持和保护应由过去的流通领域转移到生产领域，为农业再生产提供必需的外部条件，使农业投资大体可获取平均利润。为此，政府应当前农村提供充足的公共产品，并在其他方面给农民以国民待遇。