The Income and Consumption Effects of COVID-19 and the Role of Public Policy*

We provide empirical evidence on the labour market impacts of COVID-19 in the UK and assess the effectiveness of mitigation policies. We estimate the relationship between employment outcomes and occupational and industrial characteristics and assess the effects on consumption. Seventy per cent of households in the bottom fifth of the earnings distribution hold insufficient assets to maintain current spending for more than one week. We compare the effectiveness of the UK's Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme and of Economic Impact Payments in the US. The EIPs are more effective at mitigating consumption reductions as they have full coverage, depend on household structure and are higher for low-income workers.     

大跨度屋盖结构的抗风设计缺陷与对策

本文分析了当今大跨度屋盖结构的抗风设计方法,并指出了其缺陷,而后探索了相应的对策,以解决现实问题。     

Austrian economics and the analysis of labor markets

Theory and policy relating to labor markets is dominated by the mainstream labor market model, although a less well-known, socioeconomic version can also be identified. The mainstream model is methodologically flawed and forced, thereby, to relegate any (serious) investigation of labor market institutions and/or social structures to the margins of its analysis. The socioeconomic account is not so much methodologically flawed, as methodologically ambivalent. While this ambivalence does not actually prevent the investigation of institutions and/or social structures, it does promote ambiguity whenever we inquire into the precise nature of the interaction between them and labor markets. Insights from Austrian economics, when used in collaboration with critical realist methodology, can play a part in augmenting the socioeconomic account, generating a totally new approach to the analysis of labor markets.

Endogenous market structures and contract theory: Delegation, principal-agent contracts, screening, franchising and tying

I study the role of unilateral strategic contracts for firms active in markets with price competition and endogenous entry. Traditional results change substantially when the market structure is endogenous rather than exogenous. They concern (1) contracts of managerial delegation to non-profit maximizers, (2) incentive principal-agent contracts in the presence of moral hazard on cost-reducing activities, (3) screening contracts in case of asymmetric information on the productivity of the managers, (4) vertical contracts of franchising in case of hold-up problems and (5) tying contracts by monopolists competing also in secondary markets. Firms use always these contracts to strengthen price competition and manage to obtain positive profits in spite of free entry.     

日语语义扩展视角下的多义词语义结构分析

日语多义词中多种语义之间相互关联,分析这些相关联多义词的模式就要用到语义扩展。语义扩展中最多用到的就是比喻。通过分析多义的名词、形容词和动词中的隐喻、提喻和转喻,归纳这些词语的语义结构,探讨多义词语义扩展与以日语为母语者与生俱来的认知能力之间的关系。了解这些多义词的语义扩展结构对学习和掌握多义词的语义和用法有着重要的意义。     

山东省入境旅游流的时空结构研究

山东省旅游责源丰富,近年来入境旅游业发展迅速,游客数量和外汇收入均居全国前列.本文通过对山东省入境旅游流的时间和空间结构分析发现,改革开放以来山东省的入境旅游流可分为三个增长阶段,整体呈上升趋势;游客以外国游客为主,港澳台游客年度波动较大;客源国比较集中,入境旅游业发展不稳定,受我国和客源国的经济、政治等因素影响明显.     

The Narrow and Broad Approaches to Evolutionary Modeling in Economics

Some models in evolutionary economics rely on direct analogies to genetic evolution, assuming a population of firms with routines, technologies, and strategies on which forces of diversity generation and selection act. This narrow conception can build upon previous findings from evolutionary biology. Broader concepts of evolution allow many or just one adaptive entity, instead of necessarily requiring a population. Thus, an institution or a society can also be understood as an evolutionary entity. Both the narrow and broad approaches have been extensively used in the literature, albeit in different literature traditions. I provide an overview of the conception and development of both approaches to evolutionary modeling, and argue that a generalization is needed to realize the full potential of evolutionary modeling.     

Rural labour market policies in Croatia,FYR of Macedonia and Turkey

Considerable differences are found among countries regarding the importance of the agricultural labour force, between rural and urban labour, and in poverty and living conditions in rural areas. Declines in the agricultural labour force and rural population are foreseen for each of the countries, but with significant variations between them. Showing different patterns over time, labour market developments in the sector and in rural areas have been shaped by the overall labour market institutions, conditions and factors in each country, such as the legal basis, educational attainment and migration flows, and the presence of non-agricultural activities in rural areas.     

浅谈隧道穿越及近临地表构筑物的施工技术

通过分析某隧道近距离穿越地表构建筑物的施工控制措施,对隧道近距离穿越地表构建筑物的施工技术和方法进行分析和探讨。     

汉语主题化、左偏置话题结构的英译

主题化、左偏置话题结构都属于主语前有其他前置成分的句子，在英汉语中都存在。翻译时汉语主题化、左偏置话题结构不用英语主题化、左偏置话题结构对译；当原文词序体现特殊的篇章、信息或文体意义时，泽者用反成表达、被动语态、拆译等手段保留这种词序；不能保留时。译者采用补救措施再现原文词序体现的特殊意义。