基于马克思主义经济学的商品交换模型

本文从效用量和效用等级这两个最基本的经济学概念出发,在继承马克思主义经济学劳动价值理论的公理假设的基础上,建立了一个初级的商品交换模型。该模型描述了不同的商品所有者在劳动价值等价交换和满足对商品效用量的需求的前提下,以实现效用等级最大为交换动机引起的商品交换的基本数量关系,并得出了满足相应条件的商品交换和效用等级最大值存在性等若干结论。     

高低级别公职人员经济犯罪行为决策差异分析

公职人员经济犯罪决策受到需求动机、"进入"成本、道德自律三个条件约束。在引入公职人员效用函数的基础上,得出影响公职人员经济犯罪决策的因素是效用偏好结构、既有效用量、相对效用量、犯罪金额。研究结果表明:个人效用偏好结构不同导致高低级别公职人员经济犯罪决策的差异;就财富指标而言,高级别比低级别公职人员经济犯罪倾向性小,但一旦高级别公职人员发生经济犯罪,其犯罪金额较大;就相对效用指标而言,高级别比低级别公职人员经济犯罪倾向性大。     

技术创新推动中药产业结构高级化

技术创新可以提高中药产品的附加值和规模经济效益,实现集约化经营。同时,技术创新有助于提升中药产业竞争水平和产业内外部关联水平,这些变化有利于推动中药产业结构高级化。     

Is retention beneficial to low-achieving students? Evidence from Portugal

The role of retention as an educational tool to overcome under-achievement is a hotly debated issue, especially given that the results in the literature are not consensual. The Portuguese case is particularly well suited to study this issue: all students must take standardized national exams at specific grades. Moreover, the available dataset tracks the performance of students over time. Therefore, we are able to measure the impact of students’ retention on their subsequent academic performance since we can control for each student’s initial level of ability at the moment of retention. We use a propensity score matching approach, in which retained and promoted 4th grade students are matched according to their socioeconomic characteristics and the scores obtained in national exams. To address potentially remaining endogeneity biases, we also use the culture of retention at school level as an instrumental variable. The results suggest that in some situations retentions may have on average a positive impact on future achievement. However, in the cases where statistically significant impacts are found, the estimated magnitudes are relatively small. Our results are relevant for countries with high retention rates that are considering alternative educational policies to promote students’ achievement.     

低品位油田合作开发的精细化管理

长庆油田坪北石油合作项目在64平方千米区域内实现合作开发10年连续稳产17万吨,创造了低渗透油田开发的奇迹。长庆已探明在未动用储量中,特低渗储量占85.9%,控制、预测储量中,特低渗储量比例达98.6%。因此,研究坪北石油合作项目在合作管理模式下所取得的开发管理经验,对促进类似低渗透油田的稳产开发有很好的借鉴意义,对长庆油田实现5000万吨的战略目标有着重要的意义。长庆油田坪北石油合作项目的开发,突出经营决策、管理机制创新,把技术创新、提高开发技术水平作为项目经济有效开发的核心,在坪北项目开发管理中因地制宜、打破常规,采用简单适用的技术,总结形成了基于精细化管理基础之上的低渗透油田开发管理的新模式。     

可持续技术的综合评价方法探讨

从生命周期的角度,界定了可持续技术的内涵,提出了可持续技术的分类方法,将可持续技术分为5类,探讨了技术综合评价的一般过程。对4种印染废水处理技术(分别记为A、B、C、D)进行了实证分析,给出了评价指标,采用3种客观赋权法对指标赋权,运用灰色关联度模型对技术的可持续性进行排序。从评价结果看,4种技术的可持续性依次为D>A>B>C。然后,分别分析了各技术的经济、环境、社会效益情况。最后,对评价结果的不确定性进行了简要分析。     

How employers can stanch the hemorrhaging of collegiate GPA credibility

Grade inflation is rampant across universities, colleges, academic majors, and certainly in American business schools. Extensive evidence shows that the distribution of college GPAs is skewed sharply toward high grades. Consequently, GPAs often poorly convey students’ relative academic achievement, sending a muddled message to prospective employers. This article explores the causes and consequences of grade inflation. It concludes with six recommendations for employers who want to encourage college administrators to control collegiate grade inflation, thereby strengthening the accuracy and value of a GPA in the processes of applicant evaluation and job placement.     

Job evaluation systems and pay grade structures: do they match?

Job evaluation is usually applied in an organization in order to assess the relative value of jobs on the basis of which jobs are assigned to classes of pay grades. Thus, the assumption is that job value scores match with pay grade structures, and allow adequate predictions of basic job wages or salaries in practice. The validity of this assumption is questioned in this article. Data of five job evaluation systems (number of jobs: 16,809) were used to assess the effects of three system manipulations, concerning the number of anchors per scale (characteristic), the nature and the number of scales, and the weights of scales. Total job value scores of the manipulated data and the associated pay grades were compared with the non-manipulated ('original') scores. It turned out that even when two sets of job value scores are highly correlated (around 0.99), pay grade classification agreement was always less than 90 per cent, and in many instances much less. This result has important implications for the use of job evaluation in practice: when a fine grained system of pay grades applies, total job value scores may be deficient. Implications for a better match between total job worth values and pay grade classes are discussed.     

高职高专“计算机应用基础”教学改革的研究

＂计算机应用基础＂已经成为高校教学计划中的一门公共基础课,但是,不同专业、不同教师开设的＂计算机应用基础＂课程中所涵盖的内容的广度和深度都有很大的不同,学生的学习效果和实际运用计算机的技能也有很大差别。教师应该根据专业特点、学生的层次合理调整教学内容,培养学生的学习兴趣,强化操作技能。     

流通产业在国民经济发展中的角色转换:基于灰色关联分析

流通产业在国民经济中的作用,一直是流通学界研究的重要内容。本文应用灰色关联方法,对流通产业与国民经济三次产业的关系进行了动态分析,数据处理与史实分析表明:过去30年中,我国流通产业在国民经济中的角色经历了四个重要阶段;前三个阶段分别是三次产业推动阶段,2001年后为相对独立发展阶段;流通产业的发展路径是四个阶段的包络线。这一结论丰富了流通产业从末端产业向先导产业转型的理论内涵。