On the measurement of patent stock as knowledge indicators

Most of the conventional indicators for measuring the amount of technological knowledge (TK) have so far been input-based indicators. Hence, there is growing need to develop output-based indicators, and accordingly some studies have been conducted thereon. However, previous research has adopted patent count or patent stock by simple count in measuring the amount of TK as output-based indicators. The principal problem with using this variable is that the value of individual patent is too heterogeneous. That is a large portion of these patent databases are either of little value or nothing at all. As a result, patent count or patent stock by simple count cannot be seen as a suitable measure of TK.In this study, we attempted to resolve the value-heterogeneity problem in measuring patent stock. The notion of citation-based patent stock (CPS) and valuation-based patent stock (VPS) is proposed in this paper and the calculation method is described in detail. In CPS, the economic value of individual patent is assumed to be proportional to the number of citations received from other patents. And in VPS, the economic value of individual patent is derived from the value distribution of patents registered in some cohort by manipulating the patent renewal data. We validated the indicators by comparing them with the usual input-based indicators and by analyzing the relationships between them and the productivity growth empirically.     

On Measuring the Quality of Survey Estimates

The quality of survey estimates is directly affected by survey errors that include sampling errors due to selecting a sample rather than the whole population, and non-sampling errors arising from data collection and processing procedures. The latter include frame error, measurement error and non-response. This paper addresses design issues related to total survey error and its components. Methods for handling frame problems and non-response are also presented.     

Measuring the hedonic and utilitarian sources of consumer attitudes

It has been suggested theoretically that consumer attitudes have distinct hedonic and utilitarian components, and that product categories differ in the extent to which their overall attitudes are derived from these two components. This paper reports three studies that validate measurement scales for these constructs and, using them, show that these two attitude dimensions do seem to exist; are based on different types of product attributes; and are differentially salient across different consumer products and behaviors, in theoretically-consistent ways.     

The end justifies the definition: The manifold outlooks on the digital divide and their practical usefulness for policy-making

Based on the theory of the diffusion of innovations through social networks, the article discusses the main approaches researchers have taken to conceptualize the digital divide. The result is a common framework that addresses the questions of who (e.g. divide between individuals, countries, etc.), with which kinds of characteristics (e.g. income, geography, age, etc.), connects how (mere access or effective adoption), to what (e.g. phones, Internet, digital TV, etc.). Different constellations in these four variables lead to a combinatorial array of choices to define the digital divide. This vast collection of theoretically justifiable definitions is contrasted with the question of how the digital divide is defined in practice by policy makers. The cases of the United States, South Korea, and Chile are used to show that many diverse actors with dissimilar goals are involved in confronting the digital divide. Each of them takes a different outlook on the challenge. This leads to the question if this heterogeneity is harmful and if countries that count with a coherent national strategy and common outlook on digital development do better than others. It is shown that the effect of a coherent vision is secondary to tailor-made sector-specific efforts. On the contrary, a one-size-fits-all outlook on a multifaceted challenge might rather be harmful. This leads to the conclusion that it is neither theoretically feasible, nor empirically justifiable to aim for one single definition of the digital divide. The digital divide is best defined in terms of a desired impact. Since those are diverse, so are the definitions of the challenge. The best that can be done is to come up with a comprehensive theoretical framework that allows for the systematic classification of different definitions, such as the one presented in this article.     

社会网络的四种功能框架及其测量

通过对文献的系统归纳,本文将社会网络的主要功能归纳为四种,信息获取、互惠合作、结构支持和资源获取。这样的分类框架避免了之前研究中仅测量企业拥有的社会网络而忽视企业动用的社会网络的问题。本文开发了测量社会网络四种功能的量表,并应用验证性因子分析验证了量表的效度。然后在Miles和Snow战略选择框架下,通过305个样本对本文的假设进行了实证验证。     

On hourly wages and weekly earnings in the current population survey

This paper examines hourly wages and weekly earnings in the Outgoing Rotation Group (ORG) and the March Supplement of Current Population Survey (CPS) from 1998 to 2004. The findings suggest that the ORG contains less errors than the March CPS, and that weekly earnings contain less errors than hourly wages. The paper further finds that earnings differ systematically in the ORG and in the March CPS by gender and education levels.     

A paradigm for examining second-order factor models employing structural equation modeling

We present here a paradigm for assessing second-order measurement models. Our approach is hierarchical in nature. We discuss the need for higher-order models from a conceptual perspective and illustrate how some common challenges in empirical research can be resolved through the deployment of higher-order modeling. Essentially, we argue that many constructs can be meaningfully described by a higher-order structure and testing for the existence of such structures requires a careful examination of alternative models. There is a need for conceptual as well as empirical support. In order to demonstrate our paradigm, we use data that relate to airline service quality. Our sample includes two databases. Responses from 170 individuals are employed for exploratory purposes and responses from 437 individuals are used for subsequent data analyses.     

ERP systems success: an empirical analysis of how two organizational stakeholder groups prioritize and evaluate relevant measures

Organizations worldwide are adopting enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. A number of studies discuss the implementation and success of such systems, but our study of the literature indicates that discussions about ERP systems success from the perspectives of key organizational stakeholders are not easy to come across. This study is designed to fill this gap in research. Using surveys in Finland and Estonia, we obtained empirical data from 66 respondents in 44 diverse, private, industrial organizations. Our objective was to determine whether differences exist between two organizational stakeholder groups, i.e. business managers and IT professionals, concerning how each group believe ERP success measures and dimensions are prioritized and evaluated in their respective organizations. Prior literature suggests that differences exist between the two groups with regard to how each perceives organizational information technology (IT) issues. Our study indicates that no significant statistical differences exist between the two groups with the exception of one dimension of ERP success, i.e. vendor/consultant quality. The implications of our findings for both practice and research are discussed.     

我国企业应对反倾销能力的测度方法研究

根据研究目标与研究问题的属性,结合文献类别分析结果与基于扎根理论指导下获取的数据支撑,研究了我国企业应对反倾销能力测度指标选取问题,构建了测度模型,并按照指标筛选方法确定了相应测度指标.然后,通过对指标权重确定与综合测度函数构建,具体阐述了测度指标运用原理,尝试性的对我国企业应对反倾销能力测度方法进行了研究.     

刍议新会计准则中资产减值的计量

企业会计准则的制定是以市场环境为基础和前提的。在目前市场环境不完善的情况下,企业在对资产减值的计量中遇到公允价值较难确定、会计职业判断能力低下、现金流量计算误差较大等问题。在实务中,资产减值计量中所存在的不足需要通过不断健全市场机制、强化会计人员的职业培训等手段来完善。