数据生产理论——数据资源权利配置的基础理论

人类正在进入数据驱动的时代,数据成为社会的基础资源,但数据一直被认为处于公共领域并妨碍着数据权利化,困扰着数据资源利用秩序的建立。描述特定对象的数据并不是天然存在的,而是被生产出来的,并将数据价值（预测分析、发现新知）的实现过程界分为原始数据生产（采集）、数据集生产（汇集性处理）和数据分析（分析性处理）三种行为,并将前两个行为称为数据生产,提出数据生产理论。数据生产理论首先应区分数据生产和数据分析,原始数据的生产是建立在分析原材料提供者基础之上,应承认其价值并配置适当权利,以满足各种分析目的的数据集的生产。同时,数据生产还应区别数据来源,来源于个人的数据并不一定是个人生产的,只有个人在提供或创制了数据时才是数据的生产者。因此,数据生产理论是在将数据视为一种资源的情形下为数据上权利配置提供理论支撑,通过配置相应权利,构筑从原始数据生产者到数据集生产者,再到数据分析者的数据利用秩序。     

准确把握当前疫情防控新形势新任务 全力抓好金融支持疫情防控和复工复产工作

新冠肺炎疫情发生以来,浙江省金融系统积极响应,快速落实,对内严格疫情排查防控,对外做实金融服务保障,及时出台疫情防控金融服务政策措施,精准用好专项再贷款资金,主动对接疫情防控领域重点企业生产资金需求,全力构建本外币政策绿色通道,充分发挥金融在疫情防控工作中的重要作用。当前,我省疫情防控工作已经进入新阶段,全省金融系统要进一步巩固阶段性成果,切实帮扶受疫情影响的困难企业,全面做好复工复产金融服务,坚决打赢疫情防控阻击战。     

西方对外直接投资理论的演进及评述

对外直接投资反映了一个经济体中某一居民实体(直接投资者)在另一经济体的某一企业(直接投资企业)中获得永久利益的目的,同时这种永久利益意味着直接投资者和直接投资企业之间存在着一种长期的关系以及对该企业的管理产生了重大影响。西方学者对该问题的研究主要按照三条路径演进:渐进的演化路径、间断的演化路径和经过临界点的演化路径。本文主要将西方对外直接投资理论中目前引用率较高的观点分别按照其演进方式进行归纳、介绍和评价,认为有必要在学习西方对外直接投资理论的基础上,结合我国的经济实践,建立适合中国国情的对外直接投资理论。     

对外开放格局下承接农业产业转移对现代农业发展的影响研究

加快现代农业发展是十二五期间我国农业发展的重要战略。在国际及国内区际产业转移背景下,承接农业产业转移对承接地区现代农业发展具有重要的推动作用,一是推动农业技术体系的转型和升级,二是推动农业生产方式的全面革新,三是推动现代农业产业结构体系的形成。必须创新农业发展策略,以发挥承接农业产业转移对现代农业发展的积极作用,加快现代农业发展。     

Production risk,risk aversion and the determination of risk attitudes among Spanish rice producers

Agricultural production is subject to risk and the attitudes of producers toward risk will influence input choices insofar as these affect production risk. Risk attitudes in turn may be affected by certain socioeconomic characteristics of producers. Using 2004 survey data from a cross‐section of 130 Spanish rice farms, we estimate risk‐aversion coefficients of farmers and investigate the influence of a series of socioeconomic variables on their risk attitudes. Our results show that farmers exhibit risk‐averse behavior and that risk attitudes are related to a series of socioeconomic characteristics. In particular, the belief that the farm will continue after the producer retires is found to increase the degree of risk aversion, while age is found to have nonlinear effects on risk aversion. Off‐farm income, especially from nonagricultural activities, is found to reduce risk aversion. Neither the educational level of the producer nor the presence of dependents on the household is found to have an effect on risk preferences. Regarding the production technology, we find that land, labor, and fitosanitary products are risk‐reducing inputs, whereas capital, seeds, and fertilizer all increase risk.     

Off‐farm work,technical efficiency,and rice production risk in Taiwan

This article investigates the differences in yield production, production efficiency, and yield risk for farmers both with and without off‐farm work. Using a nationwide survey of rice farmers in Taiwan, we estimate two stochastic production frontier models that accommodate technical inefficiency and production risk simultaneously for farmers both with and without off‐farm work. The stochastic dominance criterion is then applied to compare the differences in the distributions of the estimated technical efficiency and yield risk between groups. The empirical results indicate that these two groups of farmers use resources in different ways, and off‐farm work is not necessarily associated with lower technical efficiency. For farmers in the lower percentiles of the efficiency distribution, those with off‐farm work are more efficient than their counterparts without off‐farm work. In addition, farmers with off‐farm work face higher production risk and this result is robust for the entire distribution.     

R&D,trade in intermediate inputs,and the comparative advantage of advanced countries

This paper examines the accumulation of physical capital versus knowledge (R&D) capital as a determinant of advanced countries’ comparative advantage. I show that advanced countries are abundant in R&D resources, specialize in knowledge-intensive stages of high-technology industries, and outsource labor-intensive stages of the industries to labor-abundant countries. In contrast, global data on production and trade cannot support the conventional view that advanced countries specialize in and export capital-intensive goods. My results indicate that the accumulation of knowledge capital plays a vital role in explaining advanced countries’ comparative advantage.     

城市空间的生产方法论探析

“空间的生产”是新马克思主义城市学派的核心概念.哈维在发扬“空间的生产”理论并将其用于城市问题研究上具有代表性.其城市空间分析的方法论特点有三:立足于自身问题；自由和富有批判性；阶级分析和文艺分析相结合.国内案例研究反映出微观与宏观、时间与空间尺度结合的重要性.     

Investigation of the “China effect” on crowding out of Japanese FDI: An industry-level analysis (1990–2004)

This paper applies a dynamic panel model to investigate whether China is crowding out Japanese foreign direct investment (FDI) from other economies of Asia. We examined this with industry-level data on Japanese FDI flows into Asian economies. In order to deal with possible problems of serial correlation and endogeneity, we estimated coefficients using a difference and system generalized method of moments to examine the “China effect” on industries. We found a significantly high degree of crowding out effect by China on its Asian counterparts. Among twelve industries, a crowding out effect was found in nine industries, including electrical &; electronics—the biggest industry for Japanese FDI. However, a complementary effect was found in two industries, one of them being transport, which is the second biggest industry for Japanese FDI. We conclude that while China's rise is a prominent threat for the region, it could be transformed into an opportunity in vertically fragmented industries.     

德国煤矿安全生产管理的经验及启示

近年来，虽然我国煤矿安全生产在稳步好转，但是，仍然面临严峻的形势，重特大事故仍时有发生。尤其是与发达国家德国相比，我国的煤矿安全生产管理还有待加强与改善。所以，本文试图提出合理地借鉴德国的煤矿安全生产管理经验，以推进和完善我国的煤矿安全生产。